tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-41622199267426369942024-02-21T11:40:14.689-05:00BizOMadnessJerky LeBoeufhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06022293362312800819noreply@blogger.comBlogger57125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-70251372438792703532018-05-30T16:02:00.001-04:002018-05-30T16:02:17.531-04:00Teaching Counter-hegemonic Trauma Courses: A " Kick-ass" Way to be Antipsychiatry
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Amazing
course!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Utterly transformative! I am now
approaching my traumatized clients in an informed, respectful, anti-oppressive way.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who could have thought that as practitioners, we could actually improve
the world? (a typical evaluative comment by my trauma class students) <o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Thank
you so much, Bonnie, for helping me stretch beyond my comfort level </span></i><span lang="EN-US">(remark made this year by a current student) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">In
every agency where I’ve worked since taking this course, psych survivors begin
flocking to me. Nu? They quickly figure out that I won’t betray them and I
actually have a sense of how to help (a comment made six years ago by a former
student)</span></i><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">There are legions of ways that one can help
rescue the world from the clutches of institutional psychiatry—being an
activist, mounting consciousness-raising events, researching, writing books and
articles, writing sensitizing fiction, organizing, being a practitioner in a
whole new vein. All of these, I routinely pursue and am known for. Arguably, however,
my single strongest way is less known (except at my own university)—through the
courses that I teach and how I teach them. Obviously courses almost exclusively
focused on problematizing psychiatry serve but more widespread influence may
actually arise from more general courses in which antipsychiatry principles are
simply fully integrated. And of these, none of what I teach is more effective
than my trauma course (Working with Survivors of Trauma), which is a graduate course
intended for practitioners—broadly defined.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Now practitioners and academics, not to
mention the world at large, commonly employ a trauma frame when trying to
understand people’s troubles, hence the widespread interest in trauma courses. What
is particularly good about this when you consider psychiatry, is that a huge
percentage of psychiatric survivors have had major trauma in their lives, even
before psychiatry entered the picture, and the vast majority of times
psychiatry itself further traumatizes them. What is more general, and also
good, operating from a trauma framework means on some level understanding that
the problems that people face are not just “in their heads”—that people are
responding to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">very real and indeed
horrendous things that have happened to them</i>. What the drawbacks are, not
just with the public at large, and not just with conventional practitioners but
even with progressive practitioners with a critique of psychiatry, people using
such a frame easily slip out of, and in fact, are lured into slipping out of
their critique, in the process falling into a conspicuously <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">psychiatric</i> framework. By way of
example, while progressive folk are at least occasionally wary of using other DSM
diagnoses, they tend to make an exception for “PTSD” (Post-traumatic Stress
Disorder), using it as if it were acceptable. Why? Because they appreciate the
terror of people who have been exposed to terrible events and are committed to
help of some sort being available, and so they somehow kid themselves that this
one diagnosis is acceptable. The point is, though, despite the presence of what
is called “Criterion A” which stipulates the existence of an external precipitating
event, like other diagnoses, PTSD pathologizes, individualizes, and
decontextualizes, in the process, additionally, reduces people’s meaningful ways
of coping to “symptoms” of a “disorder”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>By way of example, instead of cutting or self-injury being understood as
an activity meaningfully turned to by traumatized people to cope with emotional
pain, cutting gets turned into a “symptom” of PTSD—one, moreover, for which
“psychiatric drugs” may be in order (for a far more thorough critique of PTSD,
see Burstow, 2005). Which brings us to the question of trauma practitioners.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">While most practitioners use the PTSD frame,
far better trauma work is done by practitioners who principally respond empathically,
largely ignoring the diagnostic frame. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Empathy alone, while necessary and wonderful, however,
is insufficient. The point is, besides that there are skills to acquire, one
can be empathic and still not understand the role of oppressions in trauma, and
as a result in multiple ways fail the people one is trying to serve. What we
need, I would suggest, are once skilled and fully counterhegemonic trauma
workers, whose counterhegemony includes antipsychiatry principles. And for to
happen we need really enlightened counterhegemonic courses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The course referenced in the quotations
with which this article began is one such course. And it accordingly is the
focus of this article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">LHA
1111: Working with Survivors of Trauma<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">For almost two decades I have taught a
graduate course called “Working with Survivors of Trauma” at the Ontario
Institute for Studies in Education. It is a counterhegemonic trauma course, which
means that it does not use traditional or conventional understandings of trauma,
but problematizes them. While employing the word “trauma”, it uses the term
metaphorically (literally, “trauma” means “wound”). It places a major emphasis
on circumstance, and it is vested in the understanding that a strong
relationship exists between trauma and oppression. The course prioritizes the
bringing together theory and practice. Correspondingly, the goals of the course
are to help people understand trauma in at once more personal and more
political ways, and to help people turn themselves into practitioners who contribute
to the creation of a better—hence less traumatizing—world. At the same time,
the course humanizes trauma work, conceptualizing it as something that anyone
can do. Ergo, there is an emphasis on sharing skills with the community; the
term “befriender” is used, with the understanding being that any of us can
“befriend”—and that befriending is the responsibility of all of us.
Correspondingly, the concept of ‘trauma practitioner” itself is broadly
defined, with a trauma practitioner being anyone from a counsellor/therapist,
to an artist, to an activist, to a community organizer, to a spiritual leader, to
an advocate, to an adult educator, to a co-worker, to a friend.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Preceding the formal start of the class,
small group interviews are held by way of preparation. Here we begin dialoguing
about the role of oppression in trauma—e.g., sexism, racism, homophobia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Here the perspective of the course is
explained. Significantly, it is clarified right at these interviews, that just
as people are asked not to be sexist, racist, or homophobic, they are similarly
asked not to be mentalist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Correspondingly, norms and perspectives with respect to psychiatry are
spelt out:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What are those norms? The
most elementary is that “mental health” language is not to be used (e.g., with
all of us discussing why, ruled out are words like “symptoms”, “hallucination”,
“paranoid”, each and every DSM disorder, including PTSD itself). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And we immediately start exploring more human
and more sensitive words which people can use instead (e.g., instead of
“hallucination” expressions like “seeing and hearing what others do not”). Correspondingly,
it is clarified that while many different resources can be used, and while what
people do outside the course is their decision, in this particular course psychiatry
is neither theorized nor used as a resource, but as an institution which is of
danger to the traumatized people with whom we work. What goes along with this, helping
people protect themselves from psychiatry just like helping people protect
themselves from all other traumatizing institutions is framed as a critical
dimension of trauma work. That said, psychiatry is afforded special attention
precisely because it is conventionally theorized as help, because of its
exceptional power, moreover, because what it overwhelmingly does is deprive
people of their freedom (called “institutional care”), medicalize what is not
medical (called “being scientific”), and brain-damage them (called “treatment”).
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A multitude of different types of trauma
are explored in this course as well as ways of approaching them. Examples are
childhood sexual abuse, the trauma of residential school survivors, death
itself, trauma arising from natural disaster, refugee trauma, trauma in
war-torn countries, the insidious trauma involved in contending with daily
racism or sexism, the use of the arts in trauma work. Explored also are how to
work with two traumatized communities who are in conflict with one another
(including where one of these transparently oppresses the other). For obvious
reasons Palestinians in my class commonly choose to work in this area. The
trauma industry as a profit-making and growth industry is critiqued. Correspondingly,
not just European approaches to trauma are discussed, but also non-Eurocentric
approaches. What goes along with this, the class explores the damage done when mainstream
western understandings of and approaches to trauma are imposed on people from
other cultures (for an excellent book that documents just such a case, see Watters,
2011). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The course focuses on both individual work
and community work, with the understanding that: a) communities are traumatized
as well as individuals; b) community and connection are a critical route to
dealing with trauma. What goes along with this, oppression and the oppression
of one’s community are seen as necessary levels to understand even when dealing
with what is traditionally construed as “individual trauma”, with the point
being that history matters and that trauma is not “discrete”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A multiple layer approach to trauma work is
encouraged. To aid with this, early on, course members are divided into small
groups. Each member of the class is then handed a diagram of mine called “Focal
Layers in ‘Individual’ Trauma Work”, which depicts such pivotal layers as “The Trauma
Experienced Now”, “Identity and Other Personal Factors that Serve as Context
and Shape Experience”, “Long Term Historical Identity-Based Trauma”, and “Dimensions
of the Human Condition” (for more details, see the diagram itself at <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/uf5nxjfkht9lvav/layertrauma%20burstow.pdf?dl=0">https://www.dropbox.com/s/uf5nxjfkht9lvav/layertrauma%20burstow.pdf?dl=0</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Whereupon, the groups are asked to follow
the instructions below, then to report back to the class a whole: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Carefully examine the layers of
trauma diagram. In your small group, discuss the meaning of each of the layers
and how you think they connect.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">While respecting the need for
anonymity, choose a trauma to discuss that involves: a) an actual traumatized
person that at least one of you knows in depth and b) a traumatized community
of which this person is a part.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Using the diagram, discuss the
different levels and layers of trauma as they directly or indirectly connect up
with this person’s trauma.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Assuming that you have been
turned for help, with reference to each of layers, begin reflecting on how you
might go about assisting this person.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To help students acquire a feel for dealing
with the types of problems which typically confuse practitioners and which most
deal with abysmally, much of the class involves concrete exercises in which
students grapple with difficult scenarios, figuring out together how to understand
what is happening to the person or group and what might be helpful. A large
percentage of the exercises focus on traumatized people who would be
traditionally seen as “seriously deluded” and traditionally slated for psychiatric
intervention. Why this is important is that unless practitioners can become
comfortable with and adept at working with such situations, regardless of how
good they are theoretically, here they are likely to slip up, and actually do
the person or the community harm. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To give you a “feel” for this use of
exercises, what follows is one of many written scenarios used in the class, together
with the instructions: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: left;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Emergency Call from Mark<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">A client called “Mark has just phoned. Mark is a
psychiatric survivor who was battered as a child. He tells you that someone is
strangling him, that there is a hand around his throat.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You can hear him choking. You ask him who the
assailant is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And he tells you that he
can’t see anyone but that he can feel this hand choking him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You ask him how long the hand has been
choking him. He tells you for that it’s been going on for hours.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Everywhere he goes, the assailant walks with
him, choking him.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What do you think is going on here?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Any hunches that you think you should check out? Which of these
would you check out initially?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span></i><!--[endif]--><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">What might you want to check out in the long term?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 10.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">d)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How are you
going to help this man? Short term? Long term?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 10.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">e) What role do you see advocacy as possibly playing?<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 10.35pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">f)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Record your
agreements and disagreements so that you can report back to the class as a
whole<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The report-back by each team is immediately
followed by the class as a whole grappling with what members came up with,
affirming some parts, problematizing others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The vast majority of the scenarios are drawn
from my own practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Correspondingly,
after—and only after—the class has grappled with everyone’s answer, I share as
something worth considering what I did, why I did it, and what in each case, the
consequences were.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will not be discussing this scenario
above in detail here. Suffice it to say, however, that Mark was assaulted as a
child, that the hand choking him was one of his own hands, and that pivotal to resolving
the immediate crisis was walking him through removing what he sees as the hand
of the assailant, reminding him that he can remove this hand at any time if it
begins assailing him again, while in the short term, not questioning or
complicating his belief that an external assault is happening here. By the same
token, the crux of good work in the short run and the medium run includes
helping this person figure out who in his life it might be safe and who would
be risky to share this story with—in other words, helping him at once reach out
selectively and become skilled at protecting himself from unwanted
“intervention”. The crux of good work in the long run, while including all of
the above, to the extent possible, involves helping Mark start approaching the
“external hand choking him” metaphorically, see how the past affects the present,
and begin coming to terms with both what his father did to him and his own
response to it, though obviously only insofar as he is open to going there (For
further discussion of this scenario and for other scenarios, see Burstow, 2015).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Respecting People’s Wishes, Including
When It Comes to “Suicide”<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If the question of respecting people’s
wishes—something absolutely paramount in counterhegemonic courses—needs to be
and is systematically reinforced when it comes to people who are traditionally
seen as “deluded”, it similarly needs to be reinforced when it comes to people
considering ending their lives. What I tell my students is that when we are
dealing with adults—regardless of how scared the trauma practitioner may be,
and in contradiction with what they are taught in clinical psychology, they
need to respect people’s right to end their lives and in no way rob people of
it. We have to be safe people for others to be with, to be able <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to share what they need to share with—and we
are anything but that when we think that we should be making their decisions
for them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Correspondingly, we need to be
alert to the fact folks seen as “suicidal” are in special jeopardy from
psychiatry, hence more energy often needs to put into helping them protect
themselves from it. Finally, I let my students know that for decades I
specialized in working with clients typically called “suicidal”, and I never
once interfered with their rights, and what I think is related, not once did
any of these clients kill themselves. The point is that if you create a safe
place where people can share anything—including their intention to kill
themselves—it minimally becomes increasingly possible for them to entertain
staying alive. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Nor, I would note in passing, as
counterhegemonic trauma practitioners do we in this class even hypothetically entertain
psychologizing solutions when it comes to populations with “high suicide rates”.
Rather, we frame the issues politically in alliance with—and taking our lead
from— counterhegemonic leaders (including activists) from the communities in
question. In this regard, there are “high suicide rates” among the Indigenous
people on Turtle Island and the answer of the respective governments has been
to fund more and more self-esteem training for Indigenous communities. On top
of the fact that, expectably, these programs keep proving to be ineffective, as
the Indigenous scholar/activist Roland Chisjohn (2017) so poignantly points out
and asks: In Nazi Germany, Jews had three times the rate of suicide as the rest
of the population. Does anyone think this was because of lack of self-esteem
training?’<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Use of the Arts<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Arts are integrated into the course in a
variety of ways. They are included in reading lists. There is invariably a student
presentation on the use of art in trauma work (art therapy is viewed as only
one of the many possibilities, with the class encouraged to be more political than
this). Art figures to varying degrees in the course assignments. Correspondingly,
ways in which artists have used art to help audiences appreciate or process trauma
is intermittently discussed, in the process with it being demonstrated that
“professionals” have no monopoly on knowledge, and beyond this, unearthing what
conventional trauma practitioners need to learn from artists.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">By way of example, about three quarter ways
through the course, I tell the story of what happened when Marlene Dietrich went
to Israel to receive an award for her heroism during World War II. In a
nutshell, Dietrich was a German star of the silent screen in which the Third
Reich, took special pride. Horrified by what Germany had become, she defected
to the US, whereupon the Nazi regime did everything imaginable to get her back,
including eventually murdering her family. Despite the imminent danger that
this presented to her, determined to contribute what she could to the war effort,
day after day, Dietrich went into the front lines to entertain the troops of
the Allies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What happened years later when she was informed
that she was to be presented with this award? She said she would like to sing to
the audience in her own Native tongue—German—seemingly totally ignoring the ban
against speaking German in Israel. Now obviously, on one level, Germany is just
a language and not something inherently offensive, but besides being a symbol,
the very sound of German was a trauma trigger for Jews. No one knew what to
do.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How could they conceivably allow it?
And yet how could they possibly refuse a request from the legendary war hero
Marlene Dietrich? And so the people in charge of the ceremony said nothing,
hoping that she would forget about this request. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dietrich arrived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was presented with the award. Then she announced
she was about to sing in her Native language.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>While initially, a few people gasped, sing in German, she did. Cleverly,
skillfully, and probably to a large extent, intuitively, Dietrich sang a song
which brought to mind the millions of killed Jews, even though the song per se
had no direct connection to this topic. Correspondingly, each time she launched
into a new refrain, she sang louder and more angrily, in her own way expressing
outrage at the wholesale murder of Jews. The long and the short? She finished
to thunderous applause.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And next day newspapers
throughout the country enthusiastically reported what a “hit” Dietrich was,
adding that the ban against speaking German in Israel was now gone. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Naturally, the question and the seeming
contradiction that the class wrestled with here is this: How could Dietrich
accomplish <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in one night</i> what literally
hundreds of conventional trauma practitioners, indeed, a veritable army of
trauma practitioners <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">over several years</i>
could not?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And as trauma practitioners, what
have we to learn from this artist?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From
artists in general?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">The Assignments<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">There are two assignments for this course. Assignment
One is a typical graduate course assignment, involving presentations to the
class by teams of two or three. Students are asked to both present on how to
work with one of the traumas focused on in the course, bringing theory and
practice together in the process, moreover, to make the presentation uniquely
theirs (e.g., not just a repetition of what others have said or done).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If Assignment One is common enough in trauma
courses, albeit done with a counterhegemonic twist, by contrast, Assignment Two
is, as it were, “out of the box”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Generally, when the first assignment in a
graduate course is doing a presentation, the second is writing an essay. Alas,
the usefulness of such essays is short-lived, and to a degree, it is make-work.
While of course, inevitably students learn something in the process, their
primary reasons for writing this essay is to get a mark—after which, all too
commonly, it is tossed in their filing cabinet and seldom looked at again. Why
not have an assignment that allows students to get a grade, while contributing
in a concrete way to their ongoing work as trauma practitioners? This in mind,
students are asked to focus on a specific traumatized population that they are
interested in working with, then create a “tool” or product that they can use in
their work with this population.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This assignment inspires students to be
creative. Some, of course, choose to pursue relatively conventional projects like
creating a design for a workshop for a specific traumatized population. While
this too can be good, far more allow their imagination to soar. To give you one
among many examples of the truly wonderful work students have done, one year, realizing
that there was almost no discussion of wife battery in the specific South Asian
community from which they come, two students or mine from the same community decided
to research the phenomenon together. They began by interviewing battered women
in their community, then out of that research created a play, this with the
voices of the women emerging loud and clear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Shortly thereafter, they submitted a proposal to perform their play in
an upcoming cultural festival of their community. The proposal was accepted. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They enacted the play. It was enormously well
received and ended up being brought back yearly by popular demand.
Correspondingly, it was used by these students, by priests, by women activists,
and by other leaders in their community to help mobilize the community to begin
talking about and actually addressing wife battery. What stellar trauma work! Work
that actually does what trauma practitioners should be doing—finding ways that
witnessing and empowerment can happen and helping create a better and less
traumatized world! And how preferable to penning an essay that quickly
disappears into a filing cabinet!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Questions Frequently Posed to Me About
this Course</span></u><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">As we approach the end of this article, to
touch on questions frequently posed to me by people who are curious about this
course: Do I include more radical work such as Freirian codification work?<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4162219926742636994#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> Yes, to varying degrees,
depending on the interests of the class. Do I include such standard components
of trauma courses as: helping clients with their coping skills, exploring possible
stages in trauma work, helping traumatized people ground themselves? Explaining
dissociation, splitting, traumatized memory and ways to work with them?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yes, absolutely. How could I not? But always
in a politically literate way and in ways compatible with counterhegemony. Do
students read and discuss “the trauma literature”?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Again, yes, of course, but with an emphasis placed
on trauma literature written by feminists, by people of colour, and by other
oppressed communities, with emphasis likewise placed on transgenerational
trauma literature and on culture-explicit literature. Moreover, while problematizing
even what is widely recognized as radical literature.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Closing Remarks<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This article has focused on a counterhegemonic
trauma course which I created and which I have been teaching and modifying for
almost two decades. Hopefully, it will inspire other educators/practitioners to
create counterhegemonic trauma courses of their own.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If you decide to go down this route, some
parting advise: Be sure to take apart the PTSD diagnosis and by the same token,
critique the very existence of psychiatric diagnoses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Problematize psychiatry, showing why it
should not be used as a resource.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Help
learners understand that language is not “innocent”, that we cannot use
institutional language without deeply implicating ourselves in institutional
rule. Stress advocacy and involvement. Ensure that issues of systemic oppression
are solidly integrated. As appropriate, help learners understand the importance
at least in the long run of people approaching their networks and the community
at large—as opposed to professionals—as the main “trauma workers” to whom to turn—note
that a world in which professionals, however “skilled” or compassionate they
may be, are at the centre is a horrifyingly impoverished world—one that can
only keep increasing the levels of alienation and trauma. Far better we be part
of building community. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">At the same time, help students
respectfully validate rather than invalidating, or to put it bluntly, rather
than “robbing” people of their coping skills—for we can only safely help people
expand their coping repertoire if we truly understand and humbly accept what
they already “bring to the table”. Encourage your students to find ways to
transfer their own skills into the community, even if it means “doing themselves
out of a job”. Encourage them to listen and to heed the wisdom of those whom
they seek to help, for even when it does not look like it, people really are the
ultimate experts on their own trauma. Include the arts strategically for good
artists are society’s unacknowledged but most exemplary trauma workers. Ensure
that students fully understand the importance of consent, the importance of
respecting people’s rights. Help students find and trust in their own unique
calling, for all intents and purposes, spread their wings and fly. Make the
creation of a better world pivotal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">And finally, remember, as trauma workers, minimally,
we should do no harm. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">References<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the business of madness</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2005). A critique of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and
the DSM.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Journal of Humanistic Psychology</i>, Vol. 45, No. 4, pp. 429-445.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Chrisjohn, R. (2017). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dying to
please you</i>. Penticton Indian Reserve: Theyton Boooks.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Freire, P. (1970/2005). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pedagogy
of the oppressed</i>. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Watters, E. (2011). The wave that brought PTSD to Sri Lanka. In E.
Watters, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Crazy like us: The Globalization
of the American Psyche</i>. New York: The Free Press, pp. 65-129.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<!--[if !supportEndnotes]--><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4162219926742636994#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-US">Freirian
work (see Freire, 1970/2005) joins dialogue, reflection, and action with
politically sensitizing pictures called “codifications”, which body forth the
hopes and aspirations of the oppressed community, together with whatever blocks
those hopes and aspirations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-28349663195574517102018-05-08T06:54:00.001-04:002018-05-08T07:03:14.253-04:00THREE ANTIPSYCHIATRY SCHOLARSHIPS: THE REVOLUTION CONTINUES<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">How does one bestow credibility and
legitimacy on an area or a perspective when in the public eye, it has almost
none? How does one turn antipsychiatry into a respected area of study and practice
in the face of psychiatric hegemony? How does one attract more and more
students to this and related fields of study? How might one at the same time begin
healing the rifts between Antipsychiatry and Mad Studies? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And how does one ensure that what advances are
made at one university spread to others?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">There are a number of different ways, many
of which I have personally pursued over the years. One way is to endow at different
respected universities Antipsychiatry and Mad Studies scholarships. This is the
story of three such scholarships—and the struggles and strategies
involved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">An important context for this article are battles
in which I partook from 2006 until a couple of years ago which led to the creation
of the world’s first antipsychiatry scholarship, this at University of Toronto
(see <a href="http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/Current_Students/Graduate_Student_Funding/Scholarship_Opportunities/OISE_Internal_Awards/index.html"><span style="color: #954f72;">http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/Current_Students/Graduate_Student_Funding/Scholarship_Opportunities/OISE_Internal_Awards/index.html</span></a><span style="color: black;"> ) </span>What is likewise context is a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>previous article of mine, also <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>published in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mad in America</i>, called “Conferring Legitimacy on the
Counterhegemonic” (see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2017/05/conferring-legitimacy-counterhegemonic/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2017/05/conferring-legitimacy-counterhegemonic/</a>)
that theorizes in considerable detail what transpired during that period—the
fight, the strategies, the use of allies. A more immediate context is how the first
awarding of this scholarship was actually accomplished and the groundwork laid
to ensure that this scholarship does not go off course. The most recent context
largely materialized in the last few months—arriving at agreements with two
other universities—York and Ryerson—whereupon, upon my death, and in accordance
with agreed-on <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>provisions in my new will,
money from my estate will be used to establish Antipsychiatry and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mad Studies scholarships in each of these
universities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will begin this discussion with the 2006 work
and the formal creation of the Dr. Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry
at University of Toronto, but this will not be the primary focus and so people
who want further details on it are advised to read the article mentioned above.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I will proceed to zero in on the various
developments which happened since then.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I will end with an identification of lessons learned and with an invitation
to others. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The Beginning<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In 2006, I began what proved to be nine months
of negotiations with OISE (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education) and U.
of T. (University of Toronto) to get an agreement for a clause in a will which
I was drafting whereby my residual estate would go to creating a perpetual
scholarship for OISE students doing theses in the areas of antipsychiatry
and/or homelessness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To be clear, while
homelessness is a pressing concern and research area of mine, my overriding intent
was to fund students working in antipsychiatry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nonetheless, I was keenly aware that the academics in question would
welcome something in homelessness but not antipsychiatry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hence, linking the two together was good strategy.
And indeed while a scholarship in homelessness was objected to by no one, antipsychiatry
proved to be a formidable stumbling block. There appeared to be no end of
objections to it. For nine months I met with who was then the current dean of OISE,
carefully addressing every objection which she had.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Examples of obstacles, together with responses
that materialized were: She told me they could not mount a scholarship that
gave priority to psych survivors because psychiatric survivors themselves would
never want such a thing, whereupon, I <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>turned to the Mad Students Society, who went
on record saying they very much wanted it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I was told that the endowment as described was a human rights
violation—when it demonstrably was not. Correspondingly, I was told that OISE
could not create such a scholarship because no program or department at OISE
would feel qualified to oversee the giving of such an award, whereupon, I
immediately mobilized and at my urging, two different departments at OISE passed
resolutions stating definitively that they would be happy to oversee it. And so
the negotiations went. Nine months passed with me responding fastidiously to
each and every objection raised. Finally, when it started to look as if this
process would never end, I told U. of T. that unless they accepted the offer within
the next seven days (and it had not yet cleared the Dean’s office and there
were two other levels that would have to approve), I<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>would withdraw it and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>make a comparable offer to Carleton
University. Three days later, with the dean’s help, the proposed endowment had
been approved by all U. of T., with no further changes required.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Fast forward a few years—Shaindl Diamond, the
executor of my will got in touch with me, worried.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She knew that when I died, the residual
estate provisions in my will would have to go through the university again, and
she feared that she was not be as good at negotiating as I was.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Correspondingly, she asked if I could try to
establish a small antipsychiatry scholarship at OISE/UT now, with the hope that
this would pave the way for the larger scholarship articulated in my will. I
quickly agreed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Years of negotiations followed as I tried
to bring into being the Dr. Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry at
OISE/UT. Now this was to be a “matching scholarship” That is, I was agreeing to
personally match all amounts I could raise from the community. I promised U. of
T. additionally, I would contribute whatever was needed so that at the bare
minimum, the scholarship fund had $50,000 dollars in it. I got the approval of
the new dean quickly. And with help from OISE, I immediately took to mobilizing
the community to help fund-raise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the
process, stellar allies like Dr. Peter Breggin, Dr. Lauren Tenney, and Reverend
Cheri DiNovo came aboard, publicly endorsing the scholarship. With these endorsements
in hand, we reached out to potential donors; and with students taking the
primary role, in particular Efrat Gold, we created a video on the significance of
the scholarship (see <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJyA6RyQmMo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJyA6RyQmMo</a>).
Meanwhile I continued to negotiate with U. of T. around wording that we could both
accept.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Did I run into problems? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yes—huge problems and legions of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, throughout this process, every
person assigned by OISE to help me steward the request though U. of T. or reach
out to the press kept being “let go” unexpectedly and when they disappeared,
their correspondence with respect to the scholarship disappeared with them. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My solution was to keep each and every email
that transpired on the topic (and there were literally hundreds of them) and to
forward relevant email to new people as they surfaced. What was also
distressing but in the end proved more amusing than serious, additionally, some
Canadian psychiatrists spoke openly at international conferences telling those
assembled they were hell-bent on stopping the “misguided” scholarship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This I basically ignored. What was far more
serious, one stall after another materialized. Whereupon my institutional
allies at OISE and I settled on a strategy that proved to be “a winner”. We
argued that disallowing the scholarship was at odds with academic freedom.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">As we got closer and closer to the goal, a historic
meeting took place between several OISE administrators and me, during which we
hammered out provisional details on how the yearly award would work. Alas, less
than a month later, the OISE official in charge of the scholarship was let go,
with the entire email exchange between the two of us likewise gone. And again,
I began negotiating with new people. Frustrating? “You betchya!” But we soldiered
on.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Eventually, a wording was accepted and the
scholarship was approved by the University Board of Governors. Alas, however,
once the press got wind of the scholarship, I was trashed in media around the
world. Threats were made on my life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And
one mainstream professional claimed to be one of many in the process of
initiating law suits against me. Mostly I simply ignored the unfair treatment
and threats—and my students and I concentrated on creating ever new
consciousness-raising and fundraising-events.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Essentially, we counted on the old adage that all press was good press. And
so it was to prove. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What was the primary consequence of being
trashed in the media around the world?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once
in a while, I was able to convince the media to let me respond (e.g., <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>after having been trashed in a student
newspaper—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Varsity</i>—I convinced those
in charge to let me to write an OP Ed piece where instead of focusing of the unjust
attacks on me, I availed myself of the opportunity to educate the public about
psychiatry and antipsychiatry; see <a href="https://thevarsity.ca/2016/11/13/op-ed-understanding-what-is-at-stake">https://thevarsity.ca/2016/11/13/op-ed-understanding-what-is-at-stake</a>)
What was totally unexpected and likewise thrilling, a billionaire in the US who
otherwise would never have gotten wind of this Canadian development heard of
the scholarship and made a very sizeable contribution to it, which I then
proceeded to match.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We now had
scholarship with a healthy amount of money behind it—something that may well
never have happened otherwise. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In other words
the bad publicity helped us prevail beyond our wildest dreams! <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Recent Developments Around the Scholarship <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">We now had a scholarship to which the
university community was committed, and everyone acted accordingly. We met, accomplished
what we needed to do to ensure that this was more than a “paper victory”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was decided at OISE that we would pick the
first recipient of the scholarship in early April of 2018, also, so as to
ensure that the process would not go awry, that I would be in charge of
coordinating. At the urging of the administration, I handpicked the rest of evaluation
committee. I invited one person from each OISE department, and with the aid of
helpful officials, I put processes in place to ensure that students knew how to
apply. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We mounted all relevant
information on the OISE website. Applications began coming in, complete with
thesis proposals and recommendations from supervisors. In April, the committee
met to select who will soon be the very first recipient of the award. And what
a glorious meeting it was!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Contrary to the worries of many that the
scholarship would be a “non-starter’ for <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>no students would be interested, we received
four exceptionally impressive applications.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As we all of us agreed, every single one of the applications was strong enough
to be awarded the scholarship. I was granted the opportunity to clarify
antipsychiatry to the selection committee and my colleagues were delighted to
be finding out more. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As we began
discussing the applications, it was evident that everyone was committed to
making the choice carefully, taking all relevant factors into consideration. Correspondingly
one hour later, with smiles flashing around the room. we had unanimously chosen
“a winner”. Truly an inspiring beginning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And nothing could be clearer that that we had turned a corner. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Subsequent Scholarship Developments<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">With stories like this, the point reached
at this juncture would generally be the end of the saga, for I had ostensibly accomplished
what I set out to do. It is not the end! The point is, I kept focused on the
larger mission—both at University of Toronto and beyond. Correspondingly, I
continued to use the scholarship to consciousness-raise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In addition to this, new stages of a more
extensive endowment journey soon commenced. The initial impetus for them was that
my will was eleven years old. So it was time to look at revisions, more
particularly, and more generally, to take stock of what I was leaving to
posterity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The first thing I noticed is that my
residual estate (which I had scrimped and saved for and had ensured was
sizeable as well as constituting the vast majority of my estate) was still
going to a “compromise scholarship” in which the scholarship was divided between
research into homelessness and antipsychiatry research. What that meant in
essence is a huge amount of my money (moreover an amount about 15 times the
size of the scholarship that I had just endowed) would be going into a
scholarship where antipsychiatry research was only part of the focus. It soon dawned
on me, correspondingly, how easy it would be for the scholarship to almost
always get awarded to theses in the other area, with antipsychiatry thereby
pushed to the side. For a few seconds, this realization floored me. Then I
remembered Wittgenstein’s ladder. For people who do not know what I mean, in
his major tome <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tractatus-Logico-Philosophicus</i>,
the brilliant philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein articulated a theory of language
that could successfully serve as a tool to arrive at a type of awareness. At
the same time, he knew that the theory was incorrect. Toward the end of this
impressive work, accordingly, he acknowledged as much. Correspondingly, he
urged readers to think of the original formulation as a ladder that gets you to
the roof top.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It did its job in letting
you get where you needed to go—now you needed to throw away the ladder (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittgenstein%27s_ladder">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittgenstein%27s_ladder</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Yes, I told myself, this is exactly what I
need to do with the original scholarship that I negotiated back in 2006. It has
gotten us where we needed to go; now it is important to throw it away. Why use
a hypothetical scholarship that was barely okay, when I now have a fully
existing scholarship that does the job brilliantly? Whereupon I revised my
will, replacing the former residual clause provision with the following “For
the residue of my estate, I instruct my executor as follows:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To pay the Governing Council at University of
Toronto one hundred per cent (100%) of the residue of my estate to be used to
augment the Dr. Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry at the University
of Toronto at Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.” And with that
change, with that fortuitous use of the Wittgenstein ladder formula, a fuller
revolution has just happened.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And was this
strategic about-turn the end of the process? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As it happened, no.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">As I quickly realized as I continued reviewing
my will, I could further adjust my will so that the revolution in process could
be bigger still. Why limit myself to a scholarship at one university only when
we could accomplish more?, I asked myself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Now to be clear, I had only enough savings for one huge scholarship—and huge,
it certainly will become upon my passing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, why not try to endow smaller scholarships in a similar vein at
other universities—Would not this create synergy and bestow exponentially more legitimacy
on the area?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I immediately thought of
the other universities in the Toronto area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Could I not to some extent cover all three universities in Toronto so
that wherever any student went in the city, they could access a scholarship of
this ilk? And might not this in the fullness of time even culminate in like-minded
counterhegemonic scholars at different universities working together?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">So asking myself and so reasoning, I reached
out to a few of my allies at Ryerson University and York University who also teach
in the general area. Thrilled, they immediately committed themselves to helping
both now and after my demise. Noticing myself that both of these universities
had strengths in Mad Studies, which itself could act as a bridge and
conjecturing that here additionally was an opportunity to bring Mad Studies and
Antipsychiatry closer together, I decided to work at creating scholarships in
both universities for students doing theses in either of these areas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Knowing from experience that the first
objections that would be raised would likely be that there were few courses and
little or no faculty in the area— with help, I first created a list of faculty
in these areas at each university as well as lists of the relevant courses that
were taught. And with this information in hand, I got in touch with the relevant
university administrators, prepared to make the case, beginning with Ryerson.
With Ryerson, the issue of faculty and relevant course was checked out with
record speed, and the only real complication that I came across is with what is
called the “variance clause”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A variance clause is a standard clause which
is always included in endowment agreements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It gives the institution in question the right to use the money for
something somewhat different than what is spelt out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you are trying to endow anything, you can never
get around having negotiate a variance clause. And if the scholarship intended
is highly counter-hegemonic—here is a key place where you are likely to be
faced with seemingly insurmountable problems. Indeed, it is one of the principle
factors that held up the University of Toronto scholarship for years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What in essence you have to do is rein in the
degree of discretionary power that officials want granted the university even while
negotiating a variance clause that takes into consideration the organization’s
needs (and changing needs), all this while ensuring that your intention will
actually be honoured not only now but long after your demise. And it is with
this last part that a benefactor has to be especially careful.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now by this time, I had become adept at finding
solutions and what also helped, I was dealing with a much more nimble
university, moreover staff who were both surprised and delighted that someone
who had been neither faculty or student at their university actually wanted to
give them money. Hence, while we were forced into some tricky “back-and-forths”
with wording—within four days we had come to an agreement. Three weeks later,
an agreement had likewise been reached with York University. Whereupon, I
revised my new will accordingly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I
sent the additions to my lawyer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The upshot? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>About a week ago (April 26, 2018) my new will
was officially signed and witnessed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If
I might be allowed an exclamation here—halleluiah!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Lesson to be Gleaned from the Foregoing:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Piece by piece a person can
mount a revolutionary change even when it seems impossible<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Be strategic, not reactive<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Take every setback as a time to
reflect, every obstacle as a learning opportunity<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Gather your forces around you—psych
survivors, students, colleagues, on-side administrators<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Leverage the espoused values of
the institution that you are trying to influence (e.g., note, in this story,
the strategic use of the value academic freedom)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Do not worry about personal
attacks and bad publicity—all publicity is good publicity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Know that you can seldom just
accept the university’s standard variance clause.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Figure out what is needed to safeguard what
you are trying to achieve and act accordingly—even when doing so adds years to
the process.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Keep your eyes on the “big
picture”, and when you have ostensibly won, just take this as a time to expand your
horizons<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Be at once 100% visionary, 100%
principled, and 100% pragmatic. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">Use every conceivable moment as
a cherished opportunity to educate and organize.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US">As with Wittgenstein’s ladder,
use as tools what helps you reach your goal, while being prepared to cast away
formulations and achievements no longer helpful.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Closing Remarks and an Invitation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
quiet revolution has just happened—a formidable piece of counter-hegemony. We
now have antipsychiatry scholarships ensconced at all three universities in a major
international city. And with this, antipsychiatry has made sizeable inroads
into academia. We have not only laid down infrastructure and built in
safeguards—human and other—we have altered the discourse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To be clear, this is just one aspect of the
gargantuan job that has to be done to make universities work for us and more
generally and more importantly, to make society as a whole work for us. And it
is absolutely critical that people concentrate on other and in many respects
more important parts of the struggle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To
keep with the focus of this particular article, however, in ending, let me ask:
If we can have antipsychiatry and/or Mad Studies scholarships embedded in every
Toronto university, why can’t we “decolonize” other cities similarly? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How about New York? How about Tokyo?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Roughly speaking, I have provided, as it
were, a road map to be followed, used for inspiration, varied, as the case may
be. And in whatever way feels right to you, I invite others able and interested
to take up the challenge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Please note,
we already know that the fight to create such counter-hegemonic scholarships is
not only a meaningful one but a fight that we can actually win.
Correspondingly, it can but contribute to the winning of other battles. Who is
to say what this might lead to down the road with respect to individual freedom?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Valuing of difference?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The way society understands and responds to
“personal troubles”? Societal recognition of hidden racism, sexism, poverty, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et. al</i>.? The very existence of
psychiatry? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1>
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">That
said, I cannot “sign off” without thanking all the people who contributed to
this glorious breakthrough (students, psych survivors, radical practitioners, movement
people, faculty, administrators, donors, etc.)—to name just a few: Sim Kapoor, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. Sona Kazemi, Efrat Gold (and family), Dr.
Simon Adam, Sharry Taylor,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. Peter
Breggin, Dr. Lauren Tenney, Dr. Shaindl Diamond, Julie Wood, Reverend Cheri
DiNovo, Dr. Charles Pascal, Dr. Jennifer Poole, Dr. Chris Chapman, Inna
Hupponen, Mark Riczu, Dr. Jane Gaskell, Dr. Jack Quarter, Vesna Bajic, Dr. Nina
Bascia, Don Weitz, Dr. Glen Jones, Dr. Ian Macleod, Lise Watson, Dr. Tanya
Titchkosky, Dr. Linda Muzzin, Oriel Vargas, Nichole Schott, Rebecca Ballen, Dr.
Mark Federman, Margaret Brennan, Dr. Jeanne Watson, Lara Cartmale, Michael
Hill, lawyer Christine Davidson—and to add two highly helpful staff from
Ryerson and York—Mira Claxton and Marisa Barias. <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<!--StartFragment-->
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Individually and collectively,
you helped pave the way for the dawning of a new era. My heart-felt gratitude
to each and every one of you.</span><!--EndFragment-->bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-89021647947814357082018-03-04T16:11:00.001-05:002018-03-04T16:11:00.286-05:00"Aha" Moments: In the World of Electroshock
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">So Bonnie, what
have you done about electroshock this week</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US">?
(critical question put to me approximately once a month for over twenty years
by now deceased ECT survivor Sue Clarke)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Pound. Pound. Pound. Adonoi, Mary Mother of God,
Buddha, Ishtar, Inanna, Allah, anyone with ears that receive and a heart that
quickens, make it stop. Pound. Pound. Pound. I swear on the holy Torah, I swear
on the blessed cross, I swear on the winds that lift up and the rivers that
tumble from the Creator’s bountiful lips, I will do anything. Do this, and lo,
I will walk through the rest of my days humbly revering thy name. I will set up
a table for thee in the presence of mine enemies. Night and day, will I sing
halleluiah, my knees flat against the earth, my eyes lowered, my hands brought
together in prayer. I will press the horn of a ram to my grateful lips and issue
a call to all corners of the earth; and the sweet young children, innocence
dripping from their milky breath, will come running, running, running toward
the sea; and we will all join hands and ascend to the glorious orchard. Then we
will gather together in the New Jerusalem and sing hymns in thy praise. But
please, I beseech thee: Make it stop. Make it stop. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span lang="EN-US">(from Burstow, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i>; see <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Other-Mrs-Smith-Bonnie-Burstow/dp/1771334215">https://www.amazon.com/Other-Mrs-Smith-Bonnie-Burstow/dp/1771334215</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Probe, if you will, the passages above.
Then let them simmer quietly at the back of your mind as we focus in on the subject
of this article. To begin with a brief discussion of “aha” moments: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Throughout our lives, times inevitably come,
sometimes unexpectedly, sometimes not, when we are blessed with “aha” moments. Those
are moments when a “light bulb” seems to go on.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One type of “aha” moment is commonly known as a “Eureka” moment, a
concept named after Archimedes, who allegedly exclaimed, “Eureka” upon lowering
himself into a bath and seeing the water rise. What he had purportedly discovered
at that moment is that the volume of water displaced by an object immersed in
it is equal to the volume of said object (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_(word)">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_(word)</a>.
“Eureka” comes from the Greek word “heureka”, which means, “I found it”. When
one’s “aha” moment is of the “eureka” variety, one has discovered for all
intents and purposes what was known to no one earlier. A still more common type
of “aha” moment relates to suddenly coming to understand a phenomenon on a far
deeper level, irrespective of what others do or do not know. Both types of “aha
moments” are deeply significant and both tend to lead to abiding personal
transformation and commitment. Which brings us to the point of this article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The overarching topic of this article is electroshock.
Its purpose is to uncover some key “aha” moments which I have had with respect
to electroshock. My hope in sharing these is that the very uncovering will open
up a heightened understanding of both shock and of combatting shock and in the
process help improve our activism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">One of my <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>First<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Big “Aha” Moments around Electroshock<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">As far back as the 1950s, I was acutely
aware that ECT causes memory loss as well as brain damage. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And well before the 1980s hit, I had taken in
the horrific stories of a large number of shock survivors, including my own
father’s (during the 1950s and 1960s my dad was subjected to over 200 “shock
treatments”). Moreover, I was conversant with the critiques and the medical literature.
Of course embed in those earlier years were a number of mini “aha” moments. This
notwithstanding, it was not until 1984 that my commitment to do whatever I
could to end ECT solidified, and yes, it was connected with “aha moments”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In 1984, as co-chair of the Ontario Coalition
to Stop Electroshock (see <a href="http://www.connexions.org/CxLibrary/CX2984.htm">http://www.connexions.org/CxLibrary/CX2984.htm</a>),
I was involved in mounting an official public hearing involving four days of shock
testimony by shock survivors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This took
place over two weekends at Toronto City Hall. What happened to me at those
hearings? I came to understand the ECT experience on a far deeper level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For one thing, the enormity of the
obstruction to people’s lives became far more pressingly real to me, as
survivors went into intricate details of the skills which they lost—not being
able to do mathematics, no longer being able to hold down anything except the
most menial job, not remembering from moment to moment what was happening to them.
You cannot be the same person that you once were if you sit in a hearing day
after day hearkening to words like Connie Neil’s: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Well, the piano’s in my
house, but if just sits there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don’t
have that kind of ability any longer…People come up to me… and they tell me
about things we’ve done. I don’t know who they are.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I don’t what they’re talking about, Mostly
what I had was …. modified electroshock. And it was seen as effective. By “effective”,
I know what they mean is that they diminish the person. They certainly
diminished me…. I work as a pay clerk.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
write little figures and that’s about all….And it’s a direct result of the
treatment</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> (Phoenix Rising Collective, 1984, pp.
20A-21A).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Complementing this awareness were veritable
“eureka” moments where I took in various gender-specific issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To be more specific, while it was abundantly
clear that both women and men were badly affected, the enormity of the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gender difference became blatantly obvious as
woman after women testified to losing, for instance, ten to eleven years of
their life. What became clear, to focus in on this,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>is that women’s memory is far more damaged by
the treatment—a, difference, significantly,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>empirically confirmed <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>decades later
in Sackeim, 2005 (<a href="https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/sack.pdf">https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/sack.pdf</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">It likewise became clear how women uniquely
and disproportionately were pressured into shock. Correspondingly, as woman
after woman made statements like, “I was so depressed at the time; it was just
after the birth of my first child” or “it was just after the birth of my second
child,” it hit me like a thunderbolt that women were being electroshocked and
consequently brain-damaged for post-partum depression—something that happens to
most woman and eventually resolves on its own. Needless to say, I was horrified.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">How was I personally transformed by these
“aha” moments? I doubled my efforts to combat electroshock because I knew deep
in my bones that I could not in good conscience do otherwise. That is, I could
not witness what I had witnessed, hear what I had heard and do less.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Herein lie a commitment from which I would
never shy away. I began writing voluminously about electroshock. And holding
fast to the feminist insight, I explicitly began theorizing electroshock as a
form of “violence against women”, e.g., Burstow, 2006 <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(<a href="https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/womenect.pdf">https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/womenect.pdf</a>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In short, an awakening had happened, and,
what was to be a major trajectory of my life began taking shape.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I wrote, I gave speeches, I organized more
hearings (for transcripts of testimony from a more recent hearing, see <a href="https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/articles/personal-narratives/">https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/articles/personal-narratives/</a>),
I mounted educationals, I was the principle investigator of a number of
research projects, I appeared frequently in the media, I co-created petitions, I
helped draft reports and submit demands to government. Moreover, I was part of
organizing demonstrations in Toronto and around the world against
electroshock—demonstrations that we continue to this day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now in this, the heyday of the anti-ECT resistance
(1970s to the early 1990s), we largely had the media, and the public on our
side. Expectably, however, the ECT industry poured ever more time and money
into the creation and dissemination of ECT propaganda, with the long term result
being that we lost the ear of the media and the general public. Additionally,
and what is not unrelated, we in Canada anyway had made a strategic error. We
demanded a government investigation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We got it. And in that very act of picking the
wrong goal and being granted what we had asked, we for all intents and purposes
had “shot ourselves in the foot”. What happened?, you may wonder. A government
committee was formed to investigate ECT, just as we haf requested. It took two
years before the task force presented their findings and recommendations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By that time, the media has lost all interest
in the story. And not coincidentally, not a single one of the recommendations
were ever acted upon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>You might call
this an “aha” moment, though it was not about shock but about what is and is
not good strategy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This said, we continued to mobilize as for
sure we had to, but try though we did, in no way could regain the momentum,
this despite hearings, educationals, and reams of research.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Later “Aha” Moments<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Fast forward to 2009. In what was itself a
mini “aha” moment, I began asking myself: Just how do we get the issue of ECT
back on the political agenda? Whereupon I was reminded of the power of
art.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The average person does not read
transcripts of, nor come to hearings; nor do they tend to be affected by them
to the degree that I am.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But they do
read novels and are uniquely affected by them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Whereupon after sitting with the question and with shock material for several
months, I began penning <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a novel centred
on a fictional shock survivor, eventually to be called “The Other Mrs. Smith.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I knew instinctively that if this novel
were to have the power it needed to, it had to engender in the readers
something like “aha” moments, which would happen most poignantly if readers found
themselves inside the head of a shock survivor. Which in essence meant two
things: One, that the novel’s central protagonist should be a fictional shock
survivor. Two, that the novel had to be narrated in the first person by that
protagonist. This was the gambit. And herein lie the decision that would make
or break the novel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Upon so deciding, I called shock survivor
and former lawyer Carla McKague to tell what I was doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Was she ever ecstatic! “Bonnie,” she exclaimed,
“this is exactly what we in the movement need, and be assured, I will be there
to help you with any editing work that arises.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What happened? In short, a whole lot of
hard work. Now the novel (soon to be named “The Other Mrs. Smith”) was largely
on course for the first year or so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nonetheless, the time came when the chore that I had set for myself
began seeming impossible. What was the problem? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The problem was the narration, or to put this
another way, the initial gambit I had made. The point is, while I personally would
have no trouble telling this story, I was not the narrator. Naomi, the
fictional shock survivor was. And the fictional shock survivor could not. Why
not? In large part because her memory loss was such that she did not know huge
sections of the story that she was trying to tell. She kept hitting dead ends,
memory voids, vacuousness. And as a result, as author, naturally, I too kept
hitting dead end after dead end. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">About a year and a half after starting,
accordingly, I called Carla to tell her that I may have to stop the novel. She
answered, “Bonnie, you <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">can’t</i> stop. This
novel is exactly what the movement needs.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Whereupon, I nodded and returned to my labours.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Another year or so passed, with promising
moments here and there, nonetheless with the task which I had set myself mainly
feeling harder and harder, indeed, mostly, well nigh impossible. What with all
these dead ends, I felt as if I were “going crazy”. One day I said to myself: “I
would do anything to get my life back.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And suddenly, it dawned on me. Of course, I can get my life back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All I have to do get my life back is give up
writing this novel.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now for a few seconds there, I felt
absolutely exhilarated, so clear did the course ahead of me seem. When
suddenly, I stopped myself. “Yes, of course,” I said to myself, “by stopping
writing this novel, you can get your life back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, shock survivors cannot get their lives back.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And if shock survivors cannot get their lives
back, then you shouldn’t either.” This is what solidarity means. And herein lies
the moral imperative.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What were the “aha moments” embedded in
this part of my tale? One clearly was the discovery of the moral
imperative.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If shock survivors cannot
get their lives, then it behooved me not to give up. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What was every bit as fundamental and what
constituted a discovery in its own right was my greatly increased awareness of the
sheer arduousness of the journey, the double bind in which Naomi’s memory loss
placed me. The point is that in the very plight in which I found myself was an
echo, however faint, of the plight of the shock survivor herself. Now to be
clear, my plight was and is utterly miniscule compared to what shock survivors
experience moment by moment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In facing
it, in struggling with it, in trying to work through it, nonetheless, I came to
understand on a whole new level the daily travail of the shock survivor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Aha,” went something deep in my soul.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This lived experience profoundly enriched
the novel. The point is, albeit in a comparatively miniscule way, the problems
which I faced as author—e.g., how to navigate the memory gaps—paralleled the
day-in day-out problems of shock survivors. Moreover, bit by bit in finding
solutions to such problems, I came to take in as well not only the extent of
the injury but the sheer ingenuity that entered into the daily work of shock
survivors, that is, the work they survivors have to do to manage and inject
meaning back into their lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">An Update<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In the fullness of time finished the third
draft of my novel. And about two years later, it looked like I had found a
publisher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whereupon, I called Carla,
who at this point, was near death’s door. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">“Carla,” I said, “I know it’s hard for you
to be on the phone, but I’ll say one thing: It seems like I’ve landed a
publisher.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">“Bonnie, thank God!” she exclaimed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Never again was I able to speak to Carla,
for she died but a few weeks later. But she died keenly aware of what her
insistence had helped make possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">And where am I at this point? The novel is
out; the reviews are pouring in. And once again, I am doubling and tripping my
efforts—for how conceivably could I do otherwise?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, I have heard from a number of readers
who had barely given a thought to shock previously, who were truly aghast by
what they had encountered and moved to do something about it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Lessons to be Gleaned from the Above<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The shock industry can and does disseminate
ever more propaganda which runs counters to what survivors know and say about
shock, even what good research solidly establishes, albeit continuing to engage
in these endeavours, we absolutely must. What it cannot do is stop “aha”
moments, which moments, accordingly, are critical to our own understanding and
critical to good activism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">“Aha” moments in this area are not easy. They
will often tie you in knots and leave you feeling like you are getting nowhere.
Commonly, in that very frustration and “lostness”, nonetheless, lies the route
to better understanding and better consciousness-raising. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Praxis:
Concluding Remarks<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Hopefully, this article has given the
reader an added appreciation of “aha” moments, their possible place in activism,
and how they do and can play out in the world of electroshock. What guidance
for your own anti-ECT activism, can be gleaned from them?, you may be
wondering. To name a few:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Beyond demonstrating, beyond joining law
suits (both of which, of course, are critical) consider helping facilitate ECT
testimony and witnessing—for this has an obvious multiplier effect. Then step
back and work at incorporating what you have learned into the education and
activism that you do—for no, most people do not read testimony or attend
hearings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">By the same token, talk to shock survivors
that you know.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Figure out what grabs you
about their story and work at distilling it and/or assisting them to do
so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, going this route may be
far too traumatic for many shock survivors—and this too need to respected.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Art is particularly key, and we have not
used it anywhere near enough. You might think back on your own “aha” moments
with respect to ECT, then construct works of art that transform these into
“aha” moments for others. Alternatively or additionally, incorporate art more
broadly in your educationals. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">On a simpler level, if you have not done so
already, insofar as this feels safe for you, do read <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest</i> (<a href="https://www.amazon.com/One-Flew-Over-Cuckoos-Nest/dp/0451163966/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1519560965&sr=8-1&keywords=one+flew+over+the+cuckoo%27s+nest&dpID=51bCB3MCKeL&preST=_SY291_BO1,204,203,200_QL40_&dpSrc=srch">https://www.amazon.com/One-Flew-Over-Cuckoos-Nest/dp/0451163966/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1519560965&sr=8-1&keywords=one+flew+over+the+cuckoo%27s+nest&dpID=51bCB3MCKeL&preST=_SY291_BO1,204,203,200_QL40_&dpSrc=srch</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>then
follow up with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i> (<a href="https://www.amazon.ca/Other-Mrs-Smith-Bonnie-Burstow/dp/1771334215/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1519509896&sr=8-1&keywords=the+other+mrs.+smith">https://www.amazon.ca/Other-Mrs-Smith-Bonnie-Burstow/dp/1771334215/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1519509896&sr=8-1&keywords=the+other+mrs.+smith</a>)
–-and see where this inspires you to go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If you belong to a book club, of course, see if you can add such fiction
as material to be read and discussed. The more people reading such works, the
better. The point is that fiction both encapsulates and gives rise to “aha moments”
in its own right, and as such, can move the public in a way that non-fiction seldom
does.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What might survivors themselves do? This of
course is totally up to the individual survivor, and indeed, a huge variety of
responses are possible. To use <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other
Mrs. Smith</i> once again as an example, there are those who find it too
traumatizing to even read such a novel—and what better judge of this than them?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And so they keep the novel at arm’s length. Others
such Connie Neil and Helene Grandbois both have read or are reading the novel
and helping promote it. Finding her own way, still another survivor Nancy Rubenstein
chose not to read the novel, but nonetheless helped promote it on national
television (<a href="https://www.facebook.com/CTVNewsChannel/videos/1610452955682696/">https://www.facebook.com/CTVNewsChannel/videos/1610452955682696/</a>).
On an individual level, everyone ferrets out what works or does not work for
them—and everyone’s choices need to be respected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The point is to consult and heed your own
wisdom.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In ending, I invite the reader to consider
making abolishing ECT a priority, while leveraging the heuristic and the
personal. Whether or not you directly engage in art, consider making what you
say/do/draw personal and conveying the urgency. Indeed, while, to be clear,
this is one option only—and one which is not always wise—taking a page from Theatre
of the Oppressed (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Oppressed">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Oppressed</a>),
one might even go so far as a) bodying forth the horror vividly, and b) letting
the audience know that the horror will continue unless they personally do
something to stop it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Correspondingly, in line with this, and in
the spirit of survivor Sue Clarke, with whom this article began, as my parting words,
permit me to inquire:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">So, what have you done about electroshock
this week?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">References<o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Phoenix Rising Collective (Ed.) (1984). Testimony on electroshock, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phoenix Rising</i>, 4 (3 and 4), 16a-22A. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-44368643840220507542018-03-04T07:44:00.001-05:002018-03-04T07:44:20.639-05:00When Art Meets Politics: Is it Still Quality Fiction?
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Whence arises the question above? If you have
spent time in mainstream literature classes, alas, you will know. While the
bias against mixing art (or what elite folk think of as “real art”) with the
political has greatly diminished over the past fifty years, especially in the
world of activism, it has not disappeared. Again and again literature students are
taught that being political obstructs the production of good fiction. This
notwithstanding, the truth of the matter is we have incredibly good fiction
that is overtly political.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Take, for
example, such powerful and richly imaginative feminist and anti-racist novels
as Madge Piercy’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Woman on the Edge of
Time</i> (<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Woman-Edge-Time-Marge-Piercy/dp/044900094X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1518974855&sr=8-1&keywords=woman+on+the+edge+of+time+by+marge+piercy">https://www.amazon.com/Woman-Edge-Time-Marge-Piercy/dp/044900094X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1518974855&sr=8-1&keywords=woman+on+the+edge+of+time+by+marge+piercy</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Take Toni Morrison’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Beloved</i> (<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Beloved-Toni-Morrison/dp/1400033411/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1518974973&sr=1-1&keywords=belove">https://www.amazon.com/Beloved-Toni-Morrison/dp/1400033411/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1518974973&sr=1-1&keywords=belove</a>)
Do we really want a bias which militates against penning such masterpieces? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To probe further into the error being made,
the assumption that there can be such a thing as a piece of writing that is
non-political is gravely mistaken. The seemingly non-political is rather the
internalization of a hegemonic politics. Additionally, an illegitimate
conflation is being made between being overtly political and being “polemical”—(i.e.,
simplistic, rhetorical, heavy-handed)—something that great writers like Piercy
never are. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">So what is my advice to other writers of
fiction?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paint with a full palette of
colours. In no way feel that you need to avoid the political.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fiction gives us lessons about life, provides
insights into human existence—and "the political" is an intrinsic aspect
of this. At the same time, ensure that you are not falling into being polemical,
for at that point, art, as is were, “goes out the window”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Is there a possibility of our endangering
the quality of our art precisely by being overtly political? There can be. What
follows, accordingly, are guidelines that might help you safely navigate the
terrain: Do not let the overtly political overwhelm your work. Make it rather one
among many strands. As always, prioritize making the imagined world come alive.
Weave together a variety of themes and plot lines. Make sure that in some way
or other, you are shedding light on the basic dilemmas of human existence. Eschew
“good guys” and “bad guys” scenarios, avoid characters that are personified abstractions,
and in the process, give birth to multidimensional and nuanced characters.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A recent novel of mine is one among many
examples of how this can be done. It is called “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i>" (<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Other-Mrs-Smith-Bonnie-Burstow/dp/1771334215/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1518975248&sr=1-1&keywords=the+other+mrs.+smith">https://www.amazon.com/Other-Mrs-Smith-Bonnie-Burstow/dp/1771334215/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1518975248&sr=1-1&keywords=the+other+mrs.+smith</a>)
and the story which emerges is told from the perspective of Naomi, a shock
survivor who struggles to recover what she can of her life after being
subjected to and severely damaged<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>by ECT
(electroshock).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yes, without question,
there is a political intent behind the novel—to awaken the reader to the
horrific reality of electroshock. At same time, the novel is hardly single
dimensional. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Examples of other themes which
crisscross throughout this novel are the mystical connection between identical
twins, north-end Winnipeg Jewry, and how as human beings, we can make something
meaningful of what has been made of us. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
writing often reaches the dimensions of the lyrical, and a spirituality
inhabits this work. Moreover, the characters are at once varied and multi-faceted,
with even the husband who signs for his wife to be shocked depicted in his full
humanity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In this regard,
Tom Sandborn—one of the journalists who has reviewed the novel, writes:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">This could, at first blush, seem like unpromising
material for a novel. Whatever their position on the public debates about ECT,
the average reader might be forgiven if she thought an anti-ECT polemic told
from the perspective of someone whose memory has been followed out by the
controversial procedure would not work as fiction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such a reader would be wrong. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">He goes on to wax
eloquent over what he calls on the book's “richly imagined cast of characters,”
and he ends by pronouncing the novel “a literary tour de force.” (see <a href="http://vancouversun.com/entertainment/books/the-other-mrs-smith-will-shock-and-move-you">http://vancouversun.com/entertainment/books/the-other-mrs-smith-will-shock-and-move-you</a>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">In short, write
a solid work of fiction and readers will recognize it as such.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Will some who
are allergic to the political generally or your particular politics critique
your work as if it were inferior fiction regardless?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This can indeed happen, especially if you are
a well-known political figure, and especially if it touches on “controversial
issues”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, such an outcome hardly
spells disaster. Here once against <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Other Mrs. Smith</i> sheds light.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 200.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">While most
reviewers have lavished generous praise on this novel, by contrast, one
reviewer largely dismissed it as a simplistic polemical work. Whereupon commentators
on the review—and, within short order, an abundance of them popped up—to a
person, made it clear that they saw the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">reviewer</i>—not
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">author</i>—as a problem, in the
process, rising to the defence of the novel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In short, the average reader can be trusted to recognize quality art
when s/he comes across it and s/he knows deep in her bones who is and who is
not being polemical.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Speaking more generally, the aesthetic and
the ethical are far from antithetical. While they spring from different branches
of philosophy, they complement each other exquisitely. What goes along with this,
while those of us literary artists who consciously incorporate the political are
generally more closely allied to current disenfranchised communities—the
Indigenous, the poor, the refugee, the trans community, the mad—we also stand is
a long and honourable tradition of writers who leverage their art to comment on
the practices and events of the day. No less a notable than Shakespeare himself
did precisely this, hence Queen Elizabeth I rising in indignation upon
attending a production of his play Richard II and exclaiming, “I am Richard II,
know ye not that?" (see <a href="https://www.mhpbooks.com/i-am-richard-ii-know-ye-not-that-or-when-shakespeare-was-actually-politically-controversial/">https://www.mhpbooks.com/i-am-richard-ii-know-ye-not-that-or-when-shakespeare-was-actually-politically-controversial/</a>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In short, the political is not the enemy of
art. And together, they allow us to take in on the deepest possible level that
what happens in the world matters. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Correspondingly, if approached skillfully, cannot
the political itself be made to dance?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-33812033699076073402018-01-02T05:54:00.000-05:002018-01-02T05:54:13.094-05:00Yet More Creeping Fascism: Social Work Professionals, Beware <div class="MsoNormal">
On April 12, 2017 the regulatory body for social workers and
social service workers in Ontario--The Ontario College for Social Workers and Social
Service Workers in Ontario--posted a news update on their website, announcing
an imminent change to their regulations. The change in part provides "<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the College with the authority to request
information and documents related to the Continuing Competence Program at any
time</b>". [bolding in original] It further notes, "Members are
already required to make a declaration in the CCP [Continuing Competence Program]
at their annual renewal of registration…This addition to the Registration
Regulation allows the College to request information and documents related to a
member’s CCP <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">at any time</i>. (italics in
original) (see <a href="https://www.ocswssw.org/2017/08/02/changes-to-the-registration-regulation-what-you-need-to-know/">https://www.ocswssw.org/2017/08/02/changes-to-the-registration-regulation-what-you-need-to-know/</a>)
It goes on to state, that it is "<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">improving
language in the current regulation so that all applicants are required to
indicate whether or not they suffer from any physical or mental condition or
disorder that would affect their ability to practice social work or social
services work in a safe manner</b>." [bolding in original]. Drawing on
what is at this point a frightening easy-to-recognize code word--unfit to
practice--finally, the College states, "The new wording furthers the College’s
public protection mandate by ensuring that members are fit to practice in a
safe manner."<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Looking at what is written uncritically, on the surface the
direction being taken here may seem like a good idea. After all, who would want
"incompetent" social workers out there practicing?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>People say, lacking in communication skills,
practitioners who commonly exhibit poor judgment, people hopelessly
Eurocentric, or worse yet, sexually predatory social workers. A far closer
look, and more critical eyes, however, are needed to discern what is really happening
here. For the most part the college is not looking for predatory social
workers. They are not on the lookout for racist social workers. Despite the
addition of the words "physical illness", nor are they particularly
weeding out people too physically ill to manage their job (though obviously,
the physically ill and physically disabled are likewise in jeopardy). They are on
the hunt for social workers who in the eyes of the establishment have a "mental
illness". In the process, they are in essence requiring any professional
who has ever been given a psychiatric diagnosis (as most everyone who has ever
seen a psychiatrist has been) to declare that diagnosis. Correspondingly, they
are reserving the right to require data and information about this, in their
words, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">at any time</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Is this general direction new? Alas, it is not—just an
intensification of a direction already in place. What is being called here "unfit
to practice" is becoming an ever-increasing feature in regulatory
governing not only for social workers but for most of what is known as the "regulated
professions". Perfectly capable professionals routinely lose their
professional standing and livelihood by just such regulations. By way of
example, in their ground-breaking research into current regulation in nursing, Chapman,
Poole, Azevedo, and Ballen<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2016)
document just how such information, regulations, and processes are being used
against perfectly capable nurses, with the professionals in possession of such
information using it to harass these colleagues, to place their colleagues under
hyper scrutiny, with the inevitable result being that all actions of the thereby
jeopardized nurses end up being interpreted as signs of mental illness and many
highly capable nurses eventually lose their right to practice.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Let there be no mistake about it. This is a loss to society.
At the same time, this does unnecessary and irrevocable damage to the
professionals so treated.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The critical point to keep in mind here is that, whatever
credence you do or do not afford the concept, "mental illness" has
nothing to do with safety, despite the regulatory bodies so naming it. There is
no proof whatsoever that professionals with psychiatric diagnoses are any less
safe than any other professional. By the same token, despite the facile
conflation of "mentally ill" with "incompetence", it has nothing
to do competence. Someone with a psychiatric diagnosis may or may not be
incompetent, just as any other professional may or may not be. What we are witnessing
in short is prejudice and oppression pure and simple. We are witnessing
ableism.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are witnessing "sanism".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We are likewise seeing incredible short-sightedness--for
the truth of the matter is that people in touch with their own personal difficulties
have a tendency to be better helping professionals—not worse ones. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I would add that it is not only the helping professions that
are taking systematic measures to weed out people whom they see as mentally ill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just as the helping professions are calling
such practitioners "unfit to practice" and creating regulations which
make it easy to get rid of them, institutions of higher learning (universities
and colleges) are calling students deemed mentally ill "unfit to study"
and progressively placing them on "mandatory leave". Hundreds of
universities around the world have just such polices and most of those that do
not are aggressively<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>considering them (see,
for example, University of Toronto’s recent "mandatory leave" proposal
at <a href="http://www.governingcouncil.lamp4.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/a1005-6i-2017-2018ab.pdf">http://www.governingcouncil.lamp4.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/a1005-6i-2017-2018ab.pdf</a>;
for an in-depth critique <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of University
of Toronto’s<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>proposal, also see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2017/11/creeping-fascism-university-unfit-to-study-policies/)">https://www.madinamerica.com/2017/11/creeping-fascism-university-unfit-to-study-policies/)</a>
And it is all of this together which I am dubbing "creeping fascism."<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To quote in regard to these phenomena from a previous
publication of mine (see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2017/11/creeping-fascism-university-unfit-to-study-policies/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2017/11/creeping-fascism-university-unfit-to-study-policies/</a>):<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">There is a historical
echo here that is unmistakable. While I am well aware that the people applying
these policies are not intending this echo and indeed would be shocked at the
suggestion of it, I cannot but notice that "unfit to study" and "unfit
to practice" are on a continuum with "unfit to live"—or to use
the more common designation, "life unworthy of life"—a concept that
ushered in the systematic murder of Jews, "mental patients" and
others during the Nazi era, with the eradication of "mental patients",
significantly, coming first, paving the way for the others. (For one of the
earliest and most influential articulations of this fascist concept, see
Binding and Hoche,1920; for an analysis, see Lifton, 1986.)<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Now to be clear, I am
in no way equating these measures or in any way comparing them—for the
differences are enormous. Nor am I imputing what might be called "intent".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, I am suggesting that they exist on a
continuum. I am likewise suggesting that with this extension of psychiatric
rule into areas like academia and into professions like social work and nursing
(both, not coincidentally, "regulated professions"), what we are
witnessing is creeping fascism—hence the title of this piece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alas, it is all too
easy for the fascistic nature of such measures to go undetected for it is not
the blatant fascism that we hear about on the streets in Charlottesville.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is not hatred. It is rather, to coin a
phrase, "respectable fascism".<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Indeed, it bears all the marks of being kindly as well as responsibly
intended. All the more reason we need to be on the alert.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That noted, to return to the proposed changes with which
with this blog article began:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Since the news of the regulatory change in question was
posted on the website of the College of Social Workers and Social Service Workers,
an ad hoc group has coalesced to oppose what is happening. When one of the members
of this ad hoc group contacted the College to talk, his objection was
purportedly trivialized and put down to mere miscommunication (as if the very
knowledgeable social work professor in question was not fully capable of deciphering
what he was reading). By the same token when another professor associated with
this group talked to a representative of the college and asked about the
mandatory reporting, she was advised purportedly (in a tone that suggested that
the information being given should be reassuring) that there was no problem
here, that the College was just keeping this information on file in case it
became of use later. Interesting! And just how long are they intending to keep
it? It would seem indefinitely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Question: Does anyone feel reassured by the clarification
provided by the College? Does anyone believe that this information which
College is allowing itself to keep indefinitely will not substantially bias and
bias indefinitely how the practitioners’ actions and words are interpreted? And
with whom might this highly sensitive information be shared? Given that people
of colour are disproportionately diagnosed as mentally ill, is not the
reporting that the College is requiring going to lead to even less social
workers of colour practicing, ergo, more social workers dealing in colonizing
ways with groups and cultures that they do not understand? Is not the very act
of compelling the self-reporting of personally sensitive and prejudicial
information a flagrant invasion of privacy? If this is how officials at the
College treat their colleagues, how do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">they</i>
treat <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">their</i> clients? How is that folks
with criminal records can have their record expunged in the fullness of time,
while these practitioners who have committed no crime whatever have to live
with a record that sits in the computer and can be trotted out and used against
them at any time? How can a society which places a value on freedom tolerate
such ongoing and intrusive scrutiny? <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If at this point, you too are becoming alarmed, I would
invite you to protest what is happening here. Do consider giving the College
and pivotal members of the legislature a shout and letting them know that when
the College resorts to measures like this, they are not safeguarding the
welfare of public--rather, they are eliminating some of our best workers,
placing all workers under surveillance, and in the process making the lot of us
complicit in oppression. Correspondingly, if you are someone who advocates for
human rights, do think of getting involved for human rights are blatantly at
stake.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Finally, if you are social worker, or indeed, a member of
any of the other "regulated health professions", whether or not your
profession or provincial professional association has yet formally adopted policies
of this ilk, a word to the wise: beware, be prepared, organize. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
REFERENCES<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Binding, K.
and Hoche, A. (1920).<span style="font-family: "Times",serif;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Die
Friegabe der Vernichtung Lebensunwerten.</span></i><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lebens.
</span><span style="font-family: "Times",serif;">Leipzig: F. Meiner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Chapman, C.
Poole, J., Azevedo, J., and Ballen, R. (2016). A kind of collective freezing
out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In B. Burstow (Ed). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry Interrogated</i> (pp. 21-40). New
York: Palgrave.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Lifton, R.
(1986). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Nazi Doctors</i>. New York:
Harper and Row.<o:p></o:p></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-85640310068563732202017-12-05T15:49:00.000-05:002017-12-05T15:49:58.361-05:00Naomi as “Every-Woman”: The Other Mrs. Smith<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">The
Other Mrs. Smith </span></i><span lang="EN-US">by Bonnie Burstow<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Inanna Publications, 2017<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">447 pages.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In late October, my novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i>—a novel centred on electroshock—was
published. The fact that the release of such a novel was newsworthy became
evident shortly after its launch. I was approached by CTV National News Channel
for an interview (<a href="http://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=1270212">http://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=1270212</a>)
But days later, I was approached by Amy Pitt for an interview. What follows is
the edited version of the second interview; I invite the reader to peruse and ponder it: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: This novel traces the life experiences of one highly successful woman
who falls prey to electroshock. What inspired you to write it?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">BB</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: In the early 1980s, I was part of group that held hearings into
electroshock. And those hearings were an incredible eye-opener. I had known
people who has been subjected to electroshock, but the few I knew were men. And
so while I had certainly seen terrible damage—nothing like what I witnessed from
the legions of women at this hearing. The extent of the memory and other losses
was horrifying. And that was the start of my becoming highly involved in the
fight to ban electroshock. What followed were decades of research, articles, and
activism. Now at one point in the mid 80s, it looked like we had the
electroshock industry on the ropes. Then we lost the interest of the press and
the public and never got it back. Anyway, after decades of research and
activism, I remembered the power of art and embarked on this novel. Could a
novel, if powerful enough, lead to a public outcry against shock?, I wondered. So
what was my inspiration?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Very real people
and the very real damage done to them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: Primarily, you wrote it from the perspective of Naomi, the
protagonist, who suffers from enormous memory loss. How did you go about
writing a novel from the perspective of someone who can’t remember much of
anything?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">BB: </span></b><span lang="EN-US">That was the struggle; and that, the gambit. As I was keenly aware,
all instructions on how to write novels warn you against writing from the first
person where the person has been severely damaged or traumatized. And I could
totally see why. Nonetheless, I knew from the get-go that this was the only way
to do it if the reader was to end up really understanding. So I took the plunge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Decided to write it from inside the head of a
brain-damaged narrator. And indeed, writing from the first person virtually
forced me into her perspective. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: Did you have to employ any special strategies to tell the story? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">BB</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: Well there was no problem getting into her head—none, for I had
been making common cause with shock survivors for decades. The issue was: How
was she to tell a story when she cannot remember? Also, how do I ensure that
reader does not get drowned<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in her
problems? What did I do? I started employing two devices early on in the
project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One was to switch back and
forth between pre-shock days—when her memory was good—and her post-shock life. The
second was to invent point-of-view characters and allow the novel to
occasionally drift into the third person narrative from their points of view—for
that way we could learn the odd thing that we that we needed to know but that
Naomi was in no position to tell us. Those were the two main devices. But even doing
that did not come close to addressing the biggest problem facing me. The point
is, narrating a novel primarily from within the head of someone who could not
remember her story was crazy-making for I kept running into dead ends. Anyway, a
couple of years into the project, I decided: I can’t take this any more. I want
my life back. And I can get my life back. All I have to do is stop writing this
novel. Then it hit me like a thunderbolt: Yes, I can’t get my life back. But
shock survivors cannot get their lives back. Which means that I have to
continue and to do it well. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Herein lie
the moral imperative. And once I took that in, I solved problem after problem.
And in the process, the novel grew richer and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>richer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: I get that. Let me ask you something somewhat different. They say
that all writing is autographical. Where’s Bonnie in this?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">BB: </span></b><span lang="EN-US">Besides the concern over shock? Like the protagonist, I spent most of
my life in two cities—Toronto and Winnipeg. Now Naomi loves Winnipeg, not
Toronto, and I’m the opposite. So I asked myself, if you loved Winnipeg, what
would you love about it? Also I found myself drawing on the type of arguments
that my best friend and I have when I scripted quarrels between Naomi and her
sister. One way or another, your life always flows into the fiction that you
write, and in the absence of that, you just cannot write anything deep. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: I’ve heard you refer to this as very much a Canadian novel. How so?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">BB</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: Two Canadian cities come alive in the novel, Toronto and Winnipeg—especially
Winnipeg. We are led to shiver at the cold Winnipeg winter. We are introduced to
the legendary flooding of the Red River. Aspects of Canadian history—the
Winnipeg General Strike, for instance—are frequently referenced. We experience
Kensington Market in its heyday. We get a taste of Newfoundland. So, yes, this
is quintessentially Canadian. Let me just add, it is at the same time a Turtle
Island novel, if I may call it that. An Indigenous theme runs throughout. We
witness the oppression of Indigenous people. We make the acquaintance of a
remarkable Indigenous man named “Jack”. And we see Indigenous wisdom. When
Naomi does not know what to do, she calls to mind Jack—and suddenly, she knows.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: Which reminds me, this novel has a huge rich cast of well
developed characters. Who’s your favourite and why?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">BB: </span></b><span lang="EN-US">Hands down, Naomi. That said, if I were to choose another, it would
be Ger. Ger is a trans man. He is also the kindest and most sensitive soul in
the novel—the sort of guy we would all dearly love to have as a friend. And we
see him thoughtfully make the connection between his struggles and those of
other oppressed people. And then there is his uncanny eye. He realizes early on
that there is a secret lurking between the lines in some writing of Naomi’s
known as Black Binder Number Three. But let me ask, Amy:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Who’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">your</i>
favourite?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> One of the many characters that I love is Naomi’s father. His
kindness, his spirituality, his open-mindedness, his connection with nature. My
favourite scene is when he takes the girls outside to feed the birds. It
reminds me of my own father. You know, we can all identify with your
characters, for they link up one way or another with our own lives. Okay, a more
literary question: How’s this novel different from the other famous novel about
electroshock—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s
Nest</i>?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">BB: </span></b><span lang="EN-US">Let me say from the outset, that Kesey’s is a truly terrific novel
for Kesey is an exceptional writer. At the same time, his novel does not provide
either an intricate or an accurate depiction of electroshock. On one level, we
are left with the impression that electroshock mainly befalls men, when two to
three times as many women as men are shocked. Moreover, women are way more
damaged by it. Nor is there any exploration of the damage done. Now it is a
fascinating novel, but I would have to add, it is also a sexist novel. The primary
adversary in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s
Nest </i>is Big Nurse—a woman, in other words, not the patriarchal figures who
actually have the power. By contrast, in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Other Mrs. Smith</i> I lay bare the reality of electroshock. In other words, my
novel is once experiential, true-to-life, and what goes along with this, a
feminist novel. I was trying to show what happens to women in this patriarchal
society and what happens to women with electroshock—the sheer violence against
women involved. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To move beyond the question of Kesey, you
know, every woman survivor that I have ever known—and I’ve literally known
hundreds—have overlapping stories to tell. Which leads me to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this </i>point: While the character Naomi is
very individual, there is a way in which some version of what befalls her not
only <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">has befallen</i> many women, but
beyond that, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">could</i> happen to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">any</i> woman. You know, the morality plays
mounted in the Middle Ages typically contained a character called “Everyman”.
And, as unique as Naomi is, what we gradually come to realize, if I may coin a
term, is that Naomi is “Every-Woman”. What happened to her happened ultimately
for no reason other than that she is a woman. So we see the plight of
Every-Woman in Naomi. We also see the wondrous strength of Every-Woman. A
testament in itself to the beauty of the human spirit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Yes, we do indeed see her heroically and brilliantly rebuild a life.
Bonnie, congratulations on writing an exceptional novel. You have written a
highly lyrical novel. You have provided a sobering account with such grace and
tenderness that it speaks to the paradox of what it means to be human. There is
something here for everyone. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">BB</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: Humour, pathos, ingenuity, comraderie, activism, mystery, insight.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP</span></b><span lang="EN-US">: All and all, a stunning work of art. And I imagine many people will
be itching to dip into it over the holidays. So one more question: Where can
one pick it up?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">BB:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> From libraries. From the publisher’s website (<a href="https://www.inanna.ca/catalog/other-mrs-smith/">https://www.inanna.ca/catalog/other-mrs-smith/</a>),
from Amazon. Also, from local bookstores. For example, in Toronto, Book City on
the Danforth has the equivalent of signed copies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">AP:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Good to hear. Congratulations again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-55656856929232805752017-11-19T08:09:00.000-05:002018-06-23T01:54:42.188-04:00Creeping Fascism: The Universities’ “Unfit to Study” Policies<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I am being put on
medical leave by my college due to a number of long standing mental health
issues…. I am . . . devastated….I have nowhere to go.” (private correspondence,
October 30, 2017)<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I was declared “unfit
to study” by my college over a year ago. It took the ground out from under me;
and I doubt that I will ever get back my life. Dr. Burstow, how can they just
do things like this to people? (private correspondence, November 6, 2016)</i><o:p></o:p></div>
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These are excerpts from two of the many letters that I have
received over the last couple of years from students who have left their respective
universities involuntarily. Called “mandatory leave” the students subjected to
these measures are categorized as “unfit to study”, and such policies are
sweeping the globe, with the UK demonstrably taking the lead. Examples of UK
universities that have adopted “unfit to study” policies are Oxford, Bradford,
Bristol, Brunel, Cardiff, Leeds, London, Reading, and Queen’s University
Belfast (see <a href="http://www.idras.ac.uk/designing-a-better-system-for-dealing-with-complaints/is-there-a-dispute/fit-to-study-dealing-with-problem-students/">http://www.idras.ac.uk/designing-a-better-system-for-dealing-with-complaints/is-there-a-dispute/fit-to-study-dealing-with-problem-students/</a>).
Many universities in North America have similarly adopted them, and the most
prestigious university in Canada—University of Toronto—appears to be poised to
pass just a policy.<o:p></o:p></div>
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So what exactly are these policies? How are we to understand
them? And as people concerned about human rights, decency, and social justice, what
should we be doing about them?<o:p></o:p></div>
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On a simple level, they are provisions whereby the university
administration can compel a university student to take a “leave of absence”. While
the university’s code of conduct is frequently cited, breaking the code of
conduct is neither a necessary nor sufficient condition to be placed on
mandatory leave. What is pivotal is the university being uncomfortable with the
student—oh yes, and that magical term “mental illness”. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Being of danger to self or other is generally how this is
understood, though thrown into the mix as well are what would appear to be primarily
academic considerations. The policy currently being actively considered by
University of Toronto, for example, reads (<a href="http://www.governingcouncil.lamp4.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/a1005-6i-2017-2018ab.pdf">http://www.governingcouncil.lamp4.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/a1005-6i-2017-2018ab.pdf</a>):
<o:p></o:p></div>
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The threshold for intervention
encompasses two potential scenarios:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Scenario 1</b>: A Student’s behaviour imposes a risk of harm to self or
others . . .<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Scenario 2:</b> While not posing a risk of harm to self or other as
described in Scenario 1, the Student is unable to engage in the activities
required to pursue an education at the University not withstanding accommodations.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Scenario 2 is curious, for it appears to preclude at least
one possible obvious explanation which is that either the services are
insufficient or the university is fostering a toxic or less than accepting
environment that is taking its toll on students (e.g., rigid rules, snap tests,
the systematic ignoring of the impact that life circumstances inevitably have,
a lack of openness to people who think or act differently or not as those
around them expect). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One has to wonder
why this does not occur to administrators? One also has to ask, how failures
generated in part by the university itself have been miraculously transformed
into a “health” or to be more precise “mental health” issue besetting the
student? More generally, what we seem to be seeing here is a grab-all category
which allows universities to get rid of students viewed as troublesome or
otherwise not up to the mark. As these expulsions are defined as temporary,
they appear benign to the administrators. The problem is that they circumvent
choice; they ignore circumstances, they invisibilize the university’s own role
in what is happening; they take negotiation out of the hands of both students
and faculty; they deeply stigmatize the students subjected to them, and they
utterly disrupt the student’s life. <o:p></o:p></div>
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To see how the two scenarios described in U. of T.’s
proposed policy work together—it is situations like the one depicted in
scenario 1 which allow the policy in its entirety to be seen as about “mental
illness” and which is the essence of what most universities appear to have in
mind. Note the strategic use of words here like “harm to self or others”— words
that echo the phrases found in involuntary committal protocols (see Burstow,
2015). In turn, scenario 2 widens the net, thereby enabling more people to be caught
up by the policy. To put this another way, Scenario 1 defines how we are to
understand the policy while Scenario Two greatly expands its application. <o:p></o:p></div>
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To briefly cover a few other aspects of these policies, typically,
an intricate procedure is spelt out which needs to be followed, with the
procedure generally involving assessments by “mental health professionals”. An appeal
process is likewise spelt out. And invariably, the mandated leave is described
as not punitive but as a kindness to the student. Suicide is sometimes explicitly
mentioned and indeed, the students most commonly subjected to the provisions
are ones deemed “suicidal” and/or anxious. That said, window dressing aside, what
are we actually encountering here?<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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On one level, we are encountering a profound human rights
violation. It is one thing to remove students from their course of study on the
grounds of them breaking the university’s rules of conduct—not that expulsion should
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ever</i> be the default mode. It is quite
another to throw them out on the grounds of being mentally ill. We are likewise
encountering expediency. The university has an obligation to accommodate and
provide service to students experiencing difficulty. The situation which the
policy in essence sets up is minimal accommodation happening with the
university thereby saving money—for if you kick out students whom you regard as
high maintenance, you save a great deal of money on services. By the same
token, a pathologization is happening, which similarly saves the university
money. Note in this regard that instead of the university, for example, being faced
with having to actually do something about the fact that it is creating an
environment that leads to students becoming anxious and depressed, the university
is identifying the students themselves—and only the students—as the problem and
configuring “their problem” as grounds for mandatory leave—hence, the
university need not take stock of how it is operating. At the same time, the
policy is both actively drawing on and perpetuating stereotypes. The point here
is, as has been repeatedly demonstrated, the so-called “mentally ill” are no more
violent than anyone else (see Burstow, 2015). Correspondingly, we are seeing
ableism and a human rights violation, moreover, a violation of other civil
rights, including the right to an education. We are likewise seeing the
universities intrude on personal matters which in the final analysis are none
of their business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once again, as I have
repeatedly stated elsewhere (e.g., see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2016/04/75895/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2016/04/75895/</a>),
while we might dearly wish for people to stay alive. people have a right to
kill themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, they have a
right to think and act differently. We are additionally seeing a conduit into
the psychiatric system being established both initially (note, in this regard, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“mental health services” are framed as
something to try first, that is before a student is put on “mandatory leave”)
and in the long run.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On top of which we
are seeing a woeful lack of insight and abject cruelty, whether intended or not.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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In this regard, the majority of students that are subjected
to such policies never return to school or at very least, not to the school
that has cast them out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As numerous
emails which I have received suggest, they are humiliated and traumatized by
what has happened. Moreover, they typically find themselves at a loss, for they
have been robbed of the routines on which they rely, of their way of coping,
often of their housing, in short, of the life they have built.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Question: Why would anyone expect that banishing a
“depressed” or “suicidal” person from our midst would do anything other than make
them more depressed? More isolated? More “suicidal”? <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If these policies are a disaster on the personal level—and
for the most part they are—they are every bit as disastrous on the systemic
level—and we need to keep our eye on this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>What is happening here is institutionalized sanism. Moreover, what is
happening is nothing less than an extension of psychiatric rule into the operation
of the university. “Mental health services”, which as most readers know, are themselves
dangerous and can seriously harm—are being foisted on students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Psychiatry—not students and faculty—will be
deciding who gets to be university learners. And psychiatry to a large part
will be dictating who gets to return after the students have been turfed out (it
goes without saying that only those who have “availed themselves” of “mental
health services” have much of a chance).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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There are very clear winners and losers here. So who wins?
Psychiatry of course and by extension the entire mental health industry win for
they are thereby colonizing yet another area and thereby securing yet another
stream of steady “customers”. And who loses? Pathologized people, the
vulnerable, indeed, all students at any risk of being subjected to these
measures—and who isn’t? While most academics seem strangely unaware of this, I
would add, academia also loses—and at that, profoundly. The point is, what is
in effect being accomplished by these measures is the ceding of an important
part of the governing of the university to the “mental health industry”. More
generally still, society overall loses, for in enacting and applying such
policies, we are marginalizing and harming large segments of our populace.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Is this really what we want for our universities? Is this
really what we want for society?<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The story which I am telling here, of course, clashes in
significant ways with the official university narrative, that being a story of
progress and of generosity. Which brings us to a series of myths and facts:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Myth</b>: Mandatory
leave policies benefit the students subjected to them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fact</b>: Evidence
shows that the students are not benefited. Rather the students in question are
profoundly harmed. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Myth</b>: There are
built-in safety mechanisms like the right to appeal that makes these policies
reasonable, for students can always contest the mandatory expulsion.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fact</b>: The
majority of the students are so overwhelmed that they never appeal. Correspondingly,
as with issues of involuntary admission to a psychiatric institution, those who
appeal almost never win, for the deck is stacked against them (see Burstow,
2015).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, why should anyone be
faced in the first place with such stigma, with such a profound assault on
their dignity and liberty?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Myth</b>: Other
students feel unsafe with “these students” around.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fact</b>: Insofar as
this is the case, that is a reason to engage in consciousness-raising, to take
measures to counter sanism—not a reason to reinforce sanism by casting people
out. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Myth</b>: Were it not
for mandatory leave measures, the “mentally ill” who break rules would be banned
permanently.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fact</b>: Let’s not
kid ourselves. That, for the most part, is what with these measures accomplish.
Moreover, there is no law in any land compelling university administrations to
remove students for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">any period of time</i>
who break rules. This is a university invention.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And the university quite simply needs to find
more creative and more humane ways to deal with conflict. What adds insult to
injury, the issue of whether or not someone is ‘mentally ill” is a “red herring”,
is at very best irrelevant for rule-breaking and violence have no intrinsic
connection with so-called “mental illness”.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Myth</b>: Mandatory
leave is a measure of last resort. It goes along with added support so that
more students can stay in school.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fact</b>: While all
administrations who adopt such policies make claims of this ilk, there is no
evidence whatever that such practices function as measures of last resort. The
point is that universities who have introduced such measures have historically <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not increased their services</i>. In fact,
most have cut back on their services. Which leads one to ask: Could not the
desire to spend less on services actually one of primary motivations for
introducing such measures? On top of which, the services offered are not just
“offered”. There are forced on student and are a way of controlling students.
Additionally, as already specified, so much of what is “offered” is incredibly harmful
(see Breggin, 1991 and Burstow, 2015).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Nor is this all that is wrong with “unfit to study”
policies. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On yet another level—and we fail to recognize this level to
our peril—this expansion of psychiatric rule into academia is itself part of a larger
and truly worrisome trend. Significantly, just as psychiatric ruling is being
used to remove students from school, it is likewise being used to purge the “helping
professions” of members that in any way trouble their colleagues. In this
regard, being/being deemed “mentally ill” is progressively being seen as a sign
of “professional incompetence” with mental illness discourse being leveraged to
drive what are often perfectly capable social workers and nurses (especially
those of colour) out of their professions (for a detailed analysis of this growing
practice, see Chapman, Poole, Azevedo, and Ballen, 2016).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How does this happen? Each of the regulated professions have
colleges or other similar bodies associated with them with which members must be
in good standing if they are to continue practicing. The policies mandated by
these colleges specify that for person to be a member in good standing they
must be “competent to practice ” and the policies explicitly allow for the removal
of members found to be “incompetent”. Now with mental status progressively
dictating how competence is understood, a member’s colleagues, a member’s
supervisor, and others in their workplace are progressively on the look-out for
signs of “mental illness”.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A nurse’s confidentiality having been broached in that her
supervisor mentioned to others that she was once diagnosed as bipolar, the
nurse begins to be treated differently, whereupon she becomes noticeably uncomfortable
with her colleagues. A social worker seems distraught one day when talking to
some of her less than helpful other team members.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A precarious worker at some point is spotted
in tears—and who does not know that precarity makes one’s life harder? All this
can and indeed has served as ammunition to level against them, to deem them
mentally ill and so incompetent and to deprive them of the right to practice.
What makes matters worse, as shown by Chapmen, Poole, Azevedo, and Ballen,
2016, people of colour are in special jeopardy of having these policies applied
to them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Further insight into this worrisome trend can be gleaned by
looking at the language employed. To whit, just as vulnerable students seen as
mentally ill and accordingly thrown out of the university are called “unfit to
study”, social workers and nurses thrown out of their profession on “mental
health” grounds are called “unfit to practice.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There is a historical echo here that is unmistakable. While
I am well aware that people applying these policies are not intending this echo
and would indeed be shocked at the suggestion of it, as a Jew and as an authority
on the Holocaust, on anti-Semitism, and on fascism, I cannot but notice that <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“unfit to study” and “unfit to practice” are
on a continuum with “unfit to live”—or, to use the more common designation “life
unworthy of life” (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_unworthy_of_life">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_unworthy_of_life</a>)--a
concept that ushered in the systemic murder of Jews, mental patients, and
others during the Nazi era, with the eradication of the “mental patients”
significantly, coming first, paving the way for the others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(For one of the earliest and most influential
articulations of this fascist concept, see Binding and Hoche,1920; for an analysis
of what came of it, see Lifton, 1986). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now to be clear, I am in no way equating these measures or indeed
in any way comparing them—for the differences are enormous. Nor am I imputing
what might be called “intent”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However,
I am suggesting that they exist on a continuum. I am likewise suggesting that with
this extension of psychiatric rule into areas like academia and into professions
like social work and nursing (both, not coincidentally, “regulated
professions”), what we are witnessing is creeping fascism—hence the title of
this piece. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Alas, it is all too easy for the fascistic nature of such
measures to go undetected for it is not the blatant fascism that we hear about on
the streets in Charlottesville.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is
not hatred. It is rather, to coin a phrase, “respectable fascism”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed, it bears all the marks of being kindly
as well as responsibly intended. All the more reason we need to be on the
alert.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What other groups will society start trying to control this
way? What new modes of surveillance, control, and exclusion will be put into
place?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These are larger questions that
are beyond the auspice of what can be handled in this article, but as society
progressively goes down this path, they are important to keep in mind.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That said, to hone in once again specifically on what is
happening to students, so what can we do?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One thing we can do is rally students to mobilize their
colleagues and the general public to sign petitions to stop these practices, to
mount teach-in for students and others on the issue (both of which actions I
currently involved in at University of Toronto). When taking part in any such
activity, it is important to challenge sanism, to prepare myth/fact sheets, to
systematically make visible the contradictions, and to help people see beyond the
rhetoric of the university, or to put this another way, beyond the rhetoric of
psychiatry—would that they were not currently overlapping so! Other actions
that can be taken include legal challenges (for we are witnessing human rights
violations here), the mounting of university-wide demonstrations, the
insistence on real (and of course voluntary) services. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On a broader and more philosophic level, we need to educate
around sanism. More broadly speaking still, if we are help society arrive at a
place where such policies would be unthinkable, we need to integrate what I
have called “mad literacy” into school curriculums from the early grades onward
(for details on what this might like, see Burstow, 2015, Chapter Nine). We need
people growing up knowing that that there are many different ways of thinking
and acting—rather than one right way. And we need them to be able to follow and
value what is currently dismissed as “crazy”. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
On an equally philosophical level, we need to help others
recognize fascist thought when they see it or creeping fascism will inevitably
continue. On a more basic level, students and faculty need to proceed from
vision. More generally, we all of us need to defend freedom, know what it means
to be in community, and everyone who cares about human rights and social
justice need to announce unambiguously: We stand for inclusivity and
accommodation. We stand for real community. We stand for learning from one
another. And we affirm together: No one is “unfit to study”. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Make no mistake about—there is a huge fight ahead of us. Allies
that can be meaningfully turned to in the fight ahead include psychiatric
survivors and their allies, the autistic community, student unions, students
from every sector of the university, progressive educators, progressive university
staff, disability rights groups, lawyers, activists, advocates, ombudsmen, politicians,
religious leaders, organizations of on-side parents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 389.85pt;">
The task before us, as I see it,
is to assemble as many allies as possible, to build a broad-based coalition,
and not to cease in our labour until a) such policies are stuck down; b) university
environments are safe for students, c) adequate accommodation is happening; and
d) the oppression known as sanism becomes understood and instances of it are transparently
treated as unacceptable—even when these arise from university governance <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>itself. To be clear, while of course the actions
of some students may legitimately be seen as a problem by university
administrators, this reality is no way justifies sanist and otherwise oppressive
policies and processes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In ending, to touch base once again on exclusionary policies
more broadly, beginning with what is currently happening to besieged professionals,
by the same token, while individual social workers or nurses may well be incompetent
and best not be employed for any number of reasons (e.g., they are woefully
hegemonic, lacking in skill, or just plain insensitive), as Chapman, Poole,
Azevedo, and Ballen (2016) so astutely put it, “the human experience
pathologized as ‘mental illness’” is decidedly not among these. Correspondingly,
in accordance with the same principle, while there are people who should not be
parenting, perhaps because they are abusive, perhaps because they are
negligent, being saddled with a psychiatric diagnosis is likewise not among
these. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The point here is that where marginalization, exclusion, and
control on the basis of putative “mental illness” is happening and/or is
starting to happen in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">any</i> arena, or to
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">any</i> designated group—and who’s to say
that university administrators won’t be next?—we need to oppose the
institutionalized oppression and to stand in solidarity with those under siege.
Just as we must do so with respect to students. Just as we must oppose
“involuntary treatment” and incarceration more generally.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How else are we going to build a better world?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
References<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Binding, K.
and Hoche, A. (1920). <span style="font-family: "times";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Die Friegabe der Vernichtung
Lebensunwerten.</span></i><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lebens. </span><span style="font-family: "times";">Leipzig: F. Meiner.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; tab-stops: 304.8pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times";">Breggin, P. (1991). </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Toxic psychiatry</i>. New York: St. Martins
Press.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Burstow, B.
(2016). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry and the Business of
Madness</i>. New York: Palgrave.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Chapman, C.
Poole, J., Azevedo, J., and Ballen, R. (2016). A kind of collective freezing
out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In B. Burstow (Ed). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry Interrogated</i> (pp. 21-40). New
York: Palgrave.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
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<!--EndFragment--><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Lifton, R.
(1986). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Nazi Doctors</i>. New York:
Harper and Row.<o:p></o:p></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-87504962925231814652017-10-26T08:15:00.001-04:002017-10-26T08:16:30.174-04:00Ending ECT: From a Lawsuit to a Novel—The Moment is Now!<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Eyes
peer at me, then quickly look away. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Because
they are afraid. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Because
they sense the humiliation. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Because
they know not what else to do. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stretchers
in front of me. Stretchers behind me. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some
poor soul being dragged where none of us want to go.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Who
would have thought that a single shriek could fill the universe? </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(from Burstow, 2017—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs.
Smith</i>; </span><a href="https://www.amazon.ca/Other-Mrs-Smith-Bonnie-Burstow/dp/1771334215/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1508451818&sr=8-1&keywords=the+other+mrs.+smith"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">https://www.amazon.ca/Other-Mrs-Smith-Bonnie-Burstow/dp/1771334215/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1508451818&sr=8-1&keywords=the+other+mrs.+smith</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In the midst of flagrant professional mispresentation of
ECT, this article provides hard-hitting and accurate information about the
“psychiatric treatment” known as electroshock (ECT).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What goes along with this, this article is a
call to arms. Quite simply, the time has come for a frontal assault on the ECT
industry and on the professionals associated with it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The time has come to rid society of this
barbaric “treatment” altogether.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Naturally, it would make no sense to call for the end to a
“treatment” unless clearly it was first and foremost profoundly injurious. So…<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What are the Salient Facts
about Electroshock?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are so many horrific facts about ECT that it would
take several articles to list them all. In a nutshell, however, some of the
most pressing of these are: <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->ECT is a putative “treatment” involving the
application of sufficient electricity to the brain to produce a grand mal (Whitaker,
2002, and Breggin, 1991). A relevant point here is that every other branch of
medicine moves mountains to prevent grand mal seizures because of the damage
which results. By contrast, psychiatry is purposely perpetrating grand male
seizures, at the same time denying the damage in question.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->ECT is inherently brain-damaging, with damage arising
from both the seizure and the electricity (see Breggin, 1991).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->ECT always causes memory loss, much of it extensive
and permanent—both loss of memories from before the shock (retrograde amnesia)
and inability to remember new facts (anterograde amnesia) (see Burstow, 2015),<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Contrary to what the shock proponents claim, not
a single form of ECT gets around the problems of brain-damage and memory loss. What
does the largest study in electroshock history show—and this to a degree of
statistic significance? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite the
standard reference to new and improved, every single mode of ECT damages and
creates memory loss (see Sackeim et. al, 2007).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->As thousands of courageous ECT survivors have
testified over the decades, most shock survivors are greatly impeded in their
ability to navigate life as a result of this putative “benign treatment”. A
typical day for a frighteningly large number is having to take notes all day
long for otherwise, by the time the day has ended, they will have no way of
knowing what has happened. More generally, an abundance of survivors routinely
forget people in their lives, cannot remember facts, ways of proceeding,
details, are stuck having to settle for a simplistic job despite having
prepared for something very different, for gone are many of the skills that they
have spent a lifetime acquiring (see ECT survivor testimony at <a href="https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/articles/personal-narratives/">https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/articles/personal-narratives/</a>)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Electroshock is overwhelmingly an attack on women.
In this regard: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Two to three times as
many women</i> as men are subjected to electroshock. The psychiatric rationale
for this difference is that electroshock helps with depression and women are
more depressed than man. The truth, however, is, women are given electroshock
two to three times as often as men <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">irrespective
of diagnosis</i>. What is likewise significant, the very people who are
targeted for shock (women) are the ones typically most damaged by it (see Burstow,
2006). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->The rational for delivering this terrible blow
to the mind and to the integrity of one’s being is that ECT allegedly prevents
suicide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The truth is that does not
lower the suicide rate (Black et al.,1989).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In fact, a study by Munk-Olsen, et al., 2007, suggests instead that in
the days after the “treatment”, it actually <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">raises</i>
the risk of suicide.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Electroshock is not effective even by the
psychiatry’s self-serving measures of effectiveness. As decades and decades of
studies show, within six weeks electroshock is no more effective than placebo
(for an extensive meta-analysis of the various effectiveness studies, see Ross,
2006).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In short, people are being permanently damaged —for nothing!
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Virtually nothing! Hence the call to
arms.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">What Makes This a
Good Time to Combat Shock? </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A good time to mobilize on any issue is when you can detect
movement on it—which is exactly where we are at this juncture. The point is, after
decades of us activists largely spinning our wheels around shock, in the last
half year, the attack on shock has been gaining real momentum. What are we
seeing?—major law suits, legislative intervention, an uncompromising novel that
truly lays bare the reality of shock: All reasons to seize the moment.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Law Suit(s) <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The leading legal action is in California. And it is a class
action lawsuit against the manufacturers of shock machines. The filers of the
motion are DK Law Group. The major defendants are the giant shock machine manufacturers
MECTA Corporation and Somatics—and yes, these are giants! The allegations are:
negligence, failure to warn, and loss of consortium. Anyone can join the class
action who have sustained injury in California any time from May of 1982 onward
as a result of the negligence of the shock manufacturers (for further details,
including how to get involved, see David Karen, 2017).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Significantly while this action is restricted to California,
DK Law Group is committed to helping law firms in other states file similar cases.
And interest is growing in having comparable suits world-wide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Herein lies a promising new direction and a momentum that we
have not seen before. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I would just add: A Canadian law firm as well is actively
considering launching a class action lawsuit, but unfortunately it would be
open only to Canadians subjected to electroshock in the last 2 years (clearly
an attempt to stay within the statute of limitations). What is promising,
nonetheless, the conversation is happening. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Pennsylvania
Motion</b>:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A promising development has likewise materialized in
Pennsylvania. In short, a bill has been introduced by state representatives
Stephen Kinsey and Tom Murt to prohibit the use of electroshock on children. A
fortuitous initiative which could reverse the current targeting of children and
youth.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ways to Contribute to
the Momentum Identified to Date:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Targeted ways to contribute to the current momentum, include
a) taking part in or otherwise supporting the lawsuits and bills currently under
way, and b) doing the footwork necessary to bring about similar suits and
similar laws in additional jurisdictions. Obviously still other ways are
speak-outs, demonstrations, and educationals. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Different Kind
Development: And a Special Opportunity: The Novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When we think of defeating shock, we quite rightly think of
law suits and legislative interventions—all of which is necessary and all which
is good. We also think of demonstrations and speak-outs—also good. Alas,
though, we tend to overlook the enormous power of art. Art is magical, opens up
a public space for understanding and transformation. Points can be made that otherwise
allude. Art moves and educates, and can stir the public to protest. Correspondingly,
if demonstrations or speak-outs sufficed to stir public indignation against
shock, we would have won the battle against shock long ago. And has a
development happened here as well—something that can add to the current
momentum? In a word “yes”. Enter the new novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i>—and in the interests of full disclosure, to be
clear, I am the author.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The blurb on the
cover of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i> is as
good an initial introduction to this novel as any. It reads:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This novel traces the life experiences of a once highly
successful woman who falls prey to electroshock and subsequently struggles to
piece back together her life. Naomi suffers enormous memory loss; additionally,
an estrangement from her family of origin that she has no way to wrap her mind
around. The novel begins with her wandering the corridor of St. Patricks-St
Andrews Mental Health Centre (St. Pukes) faced with the seemingly impossible
challenge of coming to terms with the damage done her, as well uncovering the
hidden details of her life. It moves back and forth between a relatively happy
childhood in the legendary north-end Winnipeg of the mid-1900s and post-ECT
adulthood in Toronto. An exceptionally kind man named Ger who befriends Naomi
comes to suspect that important pieces of the puzzle of what befell her lurk
beneath the surface of writing in a binder of hers, which comes to be known as
Black Binder Number Three. What Naomi progressively comes to do, often with
Ger's help and just as often with the help of a very different and eerily
similar sister named Rose, is find ways to do justice to her life and to the
various people in it. Filled with a vast array of colourful and insightful
characters from a variety of communities—Toronto¹s Kensington Market of the
1970s, the 1970's trans community, north-end Winnipeg Jewry, and the ingenious
and frequently hilarious mad community—this novel sensitizes us to the horror
of electroshock, takes us to new levels in our understanding of what it means
to be human, and, in the process, leads us to question the very concept of
normalcy. </span><o:p></o:p></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is an engaging novel with broad appeal. At the same
time, it drives home the horror of shock in a way not seen in fiction before. We
see the effects of this “treatment” play out over the span of the heroine’s
life. We see the effects on the next generation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And we come to know the reality of shock from
the inside—not just the outside—for the novel is narrated in the first person
by a fictional shock survivor. Moreover, the sexist nature of this “treatment”
is inescapable.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How I came to write this novel, I would add, is itself informative.
I was part of the big 1980s push to abolish shock. Now there were moments back
then when it looked as if us activists were on the verge of winning. Then I saw
us totally lose the momentum. For the next several decades, like others in the
struggle, I continued to push for the abolition of shock with very little promising
materializing, when one day the idea of writing an ECT-centred novel narrated
in the first person occurred to me. Now I knew that a first person narrative
about someone badly harmed contravenes the inherited wisdom of what is possible
to pull off in a work of fiction, but in short, I decided to do pursue this seemingly
impossible project anyway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Soon after making this decision, I phoned Toronto shock
survivor and long time activist Carla McKague and told her what I was doing. “For
God’s sake, Bonnie, do it,” she insisted. “We have never had anything like
this. What you are describing is a novel that the movement direly needs.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Whereupon, I threw my heart and soul into this project for the
next two years. However, problem after problem kept materializing. And I soon
realized <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">why</i> a novel of this sort had
been declared something that should not be tried. What emerged was often
overwhelming and just as often confusing. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Anyway, the time came when I again called Carla to tell her
that I was going to have to stop for it just wasn’t working.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her answer was, “Bonnie, don’t stop. The
movement, it absolutely needs this novel.” And understanding her point only to
well, back to the drawing boards I went.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Two years later and after considerable work, again I felt the
urgent need to stop—this time not so much because it was not working, though
there were problems of this nature too, but because it was just too hard, just
too agonizing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>What went along with
this, there was an enigma at the very centre of the project: Namely, while I myself
could tell Naomi’s story, the fictional narrator into whose head I had placed
myself was often at a loss how to tell it precisely because of the memory
impairment, precisely because of the damage done to her by shock.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A related issue is that there were moments when I felt that
I could not endure another second of being inside the head of someone whose
memory was this impaired. To put this another way, I did not want to have to
keep facing dead end after dead end. How wonderful it would be to get my life
back!, I found myself thinking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And to
get it back, all I really had to do is give up writing this novel. Now for a
brief moment there, that is precisely what I determined to do—when suddenly the
realization struck me like a thunderbolt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Yes, of course, I could get my life back. But those of you
who are shock survivors, you do not have the same option, do you? That is, you do
not have the luxury to get <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">your lives
back</i>. And if you can’t do it, then neither should I. Herein lay the moral
imperative. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It took me almost ten years to complete this novel and to
land a publisher, but the longer I worked at it, the better, the richer, more
fulsome the novel became, what is particularly telling, with the very
difficulties that had originally led to me declare the writing of this novel an
impossibility being exactly what allowed this novel to become rich, multi-levelled,
and potent. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact, soon it was evident
not just to me but to everyone around me that what had emerged was nothing
short of “dynamite”.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Fast forward. The novel is now out, and yes, my sense is
that it genuinely has the power to motivate the public—it is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">that</i> sensitizing, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">that</i> powerful--<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">but only if it
is widely read.</i> Hence my own current campaign.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If after reading the novel, you too become convinced of the
importance of ensuring that this novel is widely read, here are some ways that
you can help:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Write a review on Amazon.com or Amazon.ca and encourage
others to do the same <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(if over 100 of
these materialize, the novel will indeed start to take off).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Follow me on twitter and re-tweet the quotations
from the novel that I post. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Resend messages that I post about it on Facebook.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Email information about the novel to friends, post
it to listservs; write blurbs about it on Facebook, on your blogsite, on your
personal webpage. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Write a full scale review for a major publication.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Give it as birthday and Christmas presents to your
loved ones—and do remember, Christmas is just around the corner.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->If you are part of a book club, look into
getting <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i> on the
agenda.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Put in a request for your local library to
purchase a copy; also hook up with women’s and trans centres in your area and
encourage them to have copy on hand.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->In any demos and other actions that you mount in
support of the current move against electroshock—and I hope these will be
legion—do consider reading a passage from the novel. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Get
in touch with literary and media figures that you may know with the goal of
interesting them.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In Ending<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This article has provided a brief summary of what is wrong
with electroshock and why it should be abolished. It has clarified what makes
this an optimal moment to act while articulating the momentum that is building.
And in the process, it is has introduced you to current actions to which you might
contribute—a ground-breaking class action law suit, a legislative bill that
could help to safeguard our children, and finally, a novel (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i>) that has the
potential to do heavy lifting for us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That said, to end this article as it began, with a quotation
from the novel, what follows are the opening words of the fictional heroine Naomi,
ushering you into the world of what was I call the novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Other Mrs. Smith</i> and what she calls her “memoire”:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">My name is Naomi, Nomi for short. Not
two years ago I was at a public meeting in Toronto where an aged woman looked everyone
straight in the eye and asked, “After all our years of service, is this what we
have to look forward to?” Two months later, a far younger woman who is ever so
precious to me called with an urgent request. “Write about everything,” she
pleaded. “Do it for whoever—yourself, me, others at risk. Just do it.” Hence
this curious journey on which we are embarking. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now in the sweep of literature, there
have been many unusual, one might even say “oddball” narrators—corpses, the
cross on which Jesus Christ hung, even—and I kid you not—a fish. By these
standards, I am a fairly everyday narrator, for as best I can make out, I am
neither the holy rood nor any kind of fish—well, leastways not since I last
checked. What I am is a sixty-five-year-old activist with holes in my head and
a whopper of a memory problem. And that is the crux of the matter. But enough
said. <o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This is one of those stories, you see,
best left to unfold on its own. Like a surprise autumn sunset. Like a murder at
dawn. I would only point out that there are depths here to plumb, truths to
probe. Step into my world, additionally, and you will quickly find yourself
rubbing shoulders with a vast array of some of the most endearing and fascinating
souls that a person could hope to meet—some housed like Gerald, some from the
streets like my buddy Jack who could always roll the meanest cigarette in Turtle
Island. Ah, but all in good time.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 14.7pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Now I could
begin almost anywhere—when I discovered the films of Ingmar Bergman, when I
fuckin’ rediscovered the films of Ingmar Bergman—but if I am to trust in that
old Spenser formula, “where it most concerneth me,” there is really only one place
to begin: When I first started crawling out of the void. When those glimmers of
consciousness first came upon me in the opening days of March 1973….</span></i><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 113.4pt;">
[For this article and other
Burstow articles, see <a href="http://bizomadness.blogspot.ca/">http://bizomadness.blogspot.ca/</a>]<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 113.4pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
REFERENCES:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Black, D. et
al (1989). Does electroshock influence mortality in depressives? <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Annals of Psychiatry</i>, I, 165-173.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Breggin, P.
(1991). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Toxic psychiatry</i>. New York:
St. Martin’s Press. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Burstow, B
(2006). <span style="font-family: "new century schlbk" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "New Century Schlbk";">Electroshock as a form of violence against women, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Violence Against Women</i>, Vol. 12, No. 4,
2006: pp. 372-392</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Burstow, B.
(2015) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry and the business of
madness</i>. New York: Palgrave.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Burstow, B.
(2017). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The other Mrs. Smith</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Toronto: Inanna Publications (<a href="https://www.inanna.ca/catalog/other-mrs-smith/">https://www.inanna.ca/catalog/other-mrs-smith/</a>).
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Karen, David
(2017). Electroshock Therapy Class Action Filed (see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2017/10/electroconvulsive-therapy-class-action/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2017/10/electroconvulsive-therapy-class-action/</a>).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Munk-Olsen,
T., Laursen, T., Videbech, P., Mortensen, P., & Rosenberg, R. (2007). All-cause
mortality among recipients of electroconvulsive therapy. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">British Journal of Psychiatry</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">190</i>,
435-439.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Ross, C.
(2006). The sham ECT literature. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ethical
Human Psychiatry and Psychology</i>, 8, 17-26.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Sackeim, H.
et al. (2007). The cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy in community
settings. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Neuropsychopharmacology</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">32</i>, 244-255.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
Whitaker, R.
(2002). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mad in America</i>. New York:
Perseus Books.<o:p></o:p></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-81862631219903968942017-07-02T06:05:00.001-04:002017-07-02T06:05:41.142-04:00A Landmark Victory against the “Oak Ridge Torturers”—Do We Cheer or Cry?
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<div class="MsoNormal">
On June 1, a landmark decision was handed down by Justice
Paul Perell of the Ontario Superior Court of Justice against the defendants the
government of Ontario and two former Oak Ridge psychiatrists—Dr. Elliott
Barker, who is hailed as the mastermind behind Oak Ridge’s therapy program, and
Dr. Gary Maier—Barker’s successor. This suit (for damages) was launched by 31 of
the men who had been “patients” (read: inmates) at Oak Ridge during the years
1966-1983. According to the ruling of the judge, three of the programs to which
the “patients” were subjected constitute torture (see <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/doctors-at-ontario-mental-health-facility-tortured-patients-court-finds/article35246519/">https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/doctors-at-ontario-mental-health-facility-tortured-patients-court-finds/article35246519/</a>),
and as such, there was a violation of fiduciary responsibility.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As one of the many
activists who fought to get the horrors at Oakridge stopped over the years and indeed
kept finding remnants of the horror persisting long after the 1983 date (see
Burstow, 1986), I am relieved that at least a few of the victims have lived to
see a modicum of justice —nonetheless, given the extent of what transpired, additionally,
the possibility of appeal, I am caught between cheering and crying. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So what is Oak Ridge?
What is this judgment all about? And what are the lessons to be gleaned here?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
Starting
in 1933, for 81 years Oak Ridge was the maximum security forensic unit of
Penetanguishene Mental Health Centre (Ontario)—a place where Ontario men were
incarcerated who were found “criminally insane” or “unfit to stand trial”. What
was wrong with this place was more than just the bad treatment and human rights
violations typical in institutions of the ilk—not that the “usual” is remotely
acceptable. Beginning in the early 1960s, largely at the direction of Barker, Oak
Ridge introduced and developed what it called the STP (Social Therapy Program).
And it is precisely the ingredients of this “therapy” that have been deemed
torture—three central aspects of it specifically named so.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Touted by its creators as the height of enlightenment and dubbed
“Buber Behind Bars”, in a 1968 article of that same name published in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal
</i>(<a href="http://www.oakridgeclassaction.ca/document/vol%203/Vol%203%20%20sec%20%201.pdf">http://www.oakridgeclassaction.ca/document/vol%203/Vol%203%20%20sec%20%201.pdf</a>),
two of the program’s initial architects described and defended it as follows: “Psychopathology”
is a disturbance in communication, and accordingly, forcing the “patient” into
non-stop encounter with others (also called dialogue)—a central feature of STP—would
force them to examine themselves, thereby cure them. Despite the Buberian overlay,
seemingly recognizing some resemblance to Third Reich doctoring here, Barker
and Mason went on to state, “If the process were one of eradicating a set of
disapproved ideas . . . then we would be committing offences as grievous as
those involved in The Third Reich . . . On the other hand, if our patients did
not choose to deviate from society’s norms but rather were driven to such deviations
by internal unresolved conflicts, then we should have them resolve such
conflicts by every means at our disposal, including force, humiliation, and
deprivation . . . And this force will not be lifted until he changes his
behaviour.” A gut-wrenching bit of reasoning, to say the least, and yet the
world welcomed this development with open arms!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So what were the primary components of “Social Therapy”? Besides
solitary and sleep deprivation, which were pervasive (both of which the judge deemed
tortuous), were three subprograms, all of which the justice ruled to be
torture. While a detailed overview of the programs is beyond the scope of this
article [for such detail, see my 1986 article “Oak Ridge before and after the Hucker
Report”] (<a href="http://www.psychiatricsurvivorarchives.com/phoenix/phoenix_rising_v6_n2.pdf">http://www.psychiatricsurvivorarchives.com/phoenix/phoenix_rising_v6_n2.pdf</a>),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>in short, the subprograms in question were: 1)
Defence Disruptive Therapy (DDT); 2) Motivation, Attitude, Participation (MAPP),
and 3) the capsule.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
DDT consists of forcing hallucinatory drugs on “patients” to
break down their defences and hypothetically force them to confront their
unacceptable behaviour. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Patients subjected
to this “treatment” for obvious reasons, walked around delirious.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Far more extensive, and arguably even more torturous was the
Motivation Attitude and Participation Program, in which “patients” were kept for
hours at a time one day after another generally for fourteen days on end, typically
on the floor, not allowed to move a muscle, often chained to one another while
being overseen by “patient teachers” who had authority over them, would punish them
for the slightest movement, even force them to take drugs, all of this
transpiring in a confine which McGuire describes as “three square feet” (see <a href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/06/08/treatment-at-ontario-mental-health-facility-was-torture-judge-rules.html">https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2017/06/08/treatment-at-ontario-mental-health-facility-was-torture-judge-rules.html</a>)
This hyper-surveillance and disciplining by “patient-teachers”, I would add,
continued on for some time after MAPP was officially cancelled. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Finally, nothing compares with the horror of the capsule,
the part of “social treatment” ironically that seems to have inspired Barker to
call STP “Buber behind Bars”. In a tiny room, patients were kept chained to one
another, naked, forced to “encounter” each other for hours on end, day after
day—and with the only food which they imbibed during the “treatment” being
liquid, which was fed to them via straws emerging through tiny holes in the
walls. Herein we appear to be witnessing Barker’s understanding of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“healing dialogue” and “total encounter”,
though clearly what was happening was torture. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Is it any wonder that those subjected to this “treatment” were
severely traumatized?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now eventually, after decades of scandal, the most gruesome
features of STP were discontinued. And recently, the Oak Ridge site itself was
closed. Would that such torture had never been allowed in the first place! And
would that at least some semblance of justice for the victims (the 31 litigants
represent but a fraction of the victims) had been meted out decades ago! All of
which brings me to ponder what has materialized here—and I invite readers to do
the same.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There are of legions of questions that cry out to be answered:
With reports of the horrid abuse at Oak Ridge surfacing frequently over the
years, and with Barker’s own articles conveying a sense minimally of profound
violation, how could this travesty have continued unabated for so long? What is
wrong with the world and with the “therapeutic” community in particular that what
happened here was hailed as a major advance? If STP was called “punishment”
instead of “help”, could anything remotely this invasive have been practiced? And
while what happened is an extreme, given that extremes “write large” the
typical, and in so doing illuminate it, what does this tell us about the
relationship between “mental health” practices and social control generally? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A few more questions, to bring the focus squarely into the
here-and-now: Why is the current and laudable protest against the use of
solitary in prisons not being coupled by an equally voracious protest against
its use in “mental health facilities”? Can anyone really believe that solitary is
“torture” for one population and “necessary treatment” for another? Correspondingly,
in light of the flagrant abuse that went on in Oak Ridge for decades, how is it
that the University of Toronto and Waypoint have recently mounted a digital
commemorative archive of Oak Ridge, which is up for all to see on the internet
now, moreover, which is more laudatory than not (called “Remembering Oak Ridge,
see <a href="https://historyexhibit.waypointcentre.ca/">https://historyexhibit.waypointcentre.ca/</a>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Indeed the impression created is that what
Barker introduced was good and the problems leading to the Ridge’s closure were
simply created by his successor Maier, who, being hippy-like, overdid the use
of psychedelic drugs! Contrast this with the tenor of the various archives dedicated
to Third Reich atrocities—the reference point that the Barker himself
introduced—and the problem with our response to our own human rights violations
becomes crystal clear.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
That noted, there is indeed something to celebrate today—not
only the Perell verdict per se, which is decidedly enlightened, but the wording
accompanying it. Note in this regard, after stating that “torture is torture”
irrespective of either intent or how it is seen at the time, Justice Perell went
on to say, “It is a breach of a physician’s ethical duty to physically and mentally
torture his patients <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">even if the
physician’s decisions are based on what the medical profession at the time
counts for treatment for the mentally ill </i>[my emphasis] (see <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/doctors-at-ontario-mental-health-facility-tortured-patients-court-finds/article35246519/">https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/doctors-at-ontario-mental-health-facility-tortured-patients-court-finds/article35246519/</a>)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What in essence this means is that the fact that something
is accepted “medical practice” does not legally absolve practitioners of
wrong-doing. Herein we have ruling by a judge that can be cited as precedence. Moreover
one that willy-nilly invites society to re-examine current practice.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Is not all seclusion torture—whether it happens in a prison
or something called a “hospital”? What about involuntary treatment itself? Moreover,
given that no less reputable an organization than the United Nations has
declared that forced psychiatric treatment could be considered torture (see
Minkowitz, 2014), and given that every state in the world is blithely ignoring
such pronouncements, should these states not be held accountable, beginning
with our own?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Correspondingly, if hallucinatory drugs can be ruled torture
and a breach of fiduciary responsibility even though it was accepted at the
time, how about the current use of “electroconvulsive therapy” or ECT, what with
the grand mal seizures produced, the eradication of memory, the terror instilled,
the profound interference with ability to navigate life? (for details on these
ECT realities, see Burstow, 2006); alternatively, examine survivor testimony at
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/articles/personal-narratives/">https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/articles/personal-narratives/</a>).
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
More generally still, are not both biological and
institutional psychiatry to a degree at any rate <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inherently</i> torturous? </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Be that as it may, the bottom line is that not only is torture
still happening, it remains rampant in the “mental health area”; and it has to
stop. The good news is that we now have a verdict that can serve us.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Let’s start utilizing this ruling, this
precedence to penalize and in the process begin putting an end to current abuse—tortuous
practices, that is, that pass as acceptable largely because they constitute “standard”
practice. Lawyers, survivors, advocates, let’s put our heads together on this. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Meanwhile, psychiatrists, be forewarned. And if for no other
reason than self-protection, give some thought to what you yourself may be complicit
in. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u>References</u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (1986).
Oak Ridge: Before and after the Hucker Report. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phoenix Rising</i>, Fall, 1986: pp. 25-29. </span></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoHeader" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2006). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "New Century Schlbk","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "New Century Schlbk";">Electroshock as a
form of violence against women, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Violence
Against Women</i>, Vol. 12, No. 4: pp. 372-392.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Minkowitz, T. (2014). Convention on the Rights of Persons
with Disabilities and liberation from psychiatric oppression. In Bonnie
Burstow, Brenda LeFrançois, and Shaindl Diamond, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry disrupted</i> (pp. 129-144). Montreal: McGill-Queen’s
University Press. </div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-51521120530767354602017-06-15T09:17:00.000-04:002017-06-15T09:17:27.374-04:00Antipsychiatry—Say, What?: Once Again with Feeling
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<span lang="EN-US">Over the last couple of years, I have
written several articles intended to shed light on the term/phenomenon “antipsychiatry”—to
name just a few, On Antipsychiatry (see <a href="http://bizomadness.blogspot.ca/2014/07/on-antipsychiatry.html">http://bizomadness.blogspot.ca/2014/07/on-antipsychiatry.html</a>),
Antipsychiatry Revisited (see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/10/antipsychiatry-revisited-toward-greater-clarity/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/10/antipsychiatry-revisited-toward-greater-clarity/</a>),
and On Fighting Institutional Psychiatry with the “Attrition Model” (see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/07/attrition-model-psychiatry-abolition/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/07/attrition-model-psychiatry-abolition/</a>).
This is the next in the series. Questions addressed include: What exactly does “antipsychiatry”
mean? And if there is more than one meaning or reference, how do you choose
between them? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is the term useful or
hopelessly ambiguous? Can one be antipsychiatry without being abolitionist? Does
antipsychiatry partake of degrees, such as being “very antipsychiatry” or
“somewhat antipsychiatry”? And if one wants to end the use of psychiatric coercion
only, does that position qualify as antipsychiatry? In the process of offering
what clarification I can, I will be dipping in and out of history, for we
cannot come to terms with this phenomenon or the tangle of confusions surrounding
it without delving into historical developments. I would just add in passing that
I am writing this article not only as an antipsychiatry theorist but as someone
who has been actively involved in antipsychiatry activism non-stop for forty
years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">One further note in passing, throughout, I
will be spelling “antipsychiatry” precisely as I have done so here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For more on the question of spelling, see the
end of this article.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To begin, the term “antipsychiatry” (spelled
by him “anti-psychiatry”), was invented by a colleague of R.D. Laing’s, Dr.
David Cooper in 1967 (see Cooper 1967). It was quickly picked up by the various
people in the society that surrounded Laing. What the Laingian group were
intending by the term is a different approach to “help”, with what had been
called psychiatric problems being reframed as inherently social, political, and
psychological rather than medical, with the existential philosophy of Jean-Paul
Sartre figuring in critical ways in the mix (see Laing, 1963).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Laing and Cooper likewise explored and to
varying degrees set up live-in therapeutic communities—where people were at
least hypothetically given help as they went about their journey through
madness, and with Cooper in the process introducing the concept “antihospital”
just as he introduced the concept “antipsychiatry”. Now Cooper was far more activist
than Laing and very much thought in terms of social movements. However, what is
evident, even with Cooper, despite his legendary critique of “experts”, the movement
that he was discussing was a professional movement—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not a movement of the oppressed</i> themselves. What is likewise
relevant, despite how deeply he felt it, his opposition to psychiatry was in
its own way muted, moreover (though admittedly, he did go back and forth), it became
more muted over time, and indeed, eventually, became so “moderate” than he
himself dropped the term antipsychiatry, as can be seen in Stephen Ticktin’s informative
memoire “Brother Beast—A Personal Memoire of David Cooper” (see <a href="http://laingsociety.org/colloquia/inperson/davidcooper/brotherbeast2.htm">http://laingsociety.org/colloquia/inperson/davidcooper/brotherbeast2.htm</a>),
turning instead to the term “non-psychiatry” and alternatively, “non-medical
psychiatry”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now with regard to this latter term, I had
an interesting conversation with Ticktin over it less than a month ago that proceeded
roughly as follows:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Ticktin: Later David abandoned the word
“antipsychiatry”, using instead the more political term “non-medical psychiatry”.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Burstow: That doesn’t sound <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">more</b> political to me. It sounds <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">less</b> political.</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Ticktin: You think it’s less political?</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18.0pt;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Burstow: Look at the term. It is not announcing
opposition to psychiatry or even to biological psychiatry, it is simply staking
out a different form of practice</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. (personal
conversation, CAPA meeting, June 3, 2017)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">While I will be commenting on this curious
shift later, for the time being, I leave readers themselves to reflect on how
we might understand it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now in fairly short order “antipsychiatry” (and
yes, still spelt “anti-psychiatry) made it into the lexicon of accepted
scholarly terms. Nonetheless, instead of having a clear-cut meaning, it became
somewhat of a “grab bag” category, with the term being applied to the positions
of a large number of scholars who substantially critiqued psychiatry, albeit from
very different perspectives. Examples are theorists as varied as Thomas Szasz
in the US and Michel Foucault in France—the first, a right wing libertarian
psychiatrist who demonstrated that the very concept of “mental illness” was a
myth, the second a French philosopher who approached the profession/practice as
a paradigmal example of what he called “power-knowledge” (see Foucault, 1980). Significantly,
while almost all the theorists whose critiques of psychiatry figured heavily in
the 1960s, 1970s, and the 1980s—e.g., Szasz, Foucault, Goffman, Becker—were
lumped together under the umbrella term “antipsychiatry”, and while they all greatly
influenced others who so identified, not a one of these theorists personally laid
claim to the term antipsychiatry. In fact, quite the opposite, one of the very
last books of Thomas Szasz (2009), specifically attacks what he saw as antipsychiatry,
with Szasz not simply distancing himself from it, but soundly dismissing it as “quackery
squared”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">That said, there is yet another
constituency—and I would suggest, a more important one— that is associated with
the word “antipsychiatry”. It is comprised of psychiatric survivors and their
allies, people who see themselves as part of a social movement—the overriding
goal of which is to abolish psychiatry. What distinguishes these activists—and
to be clear, I count myself among them—from the individuals and groups
discussed to date are: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">They invariably combine a
medical position (a position on what science does and does not show and on what
is wrong with the allegedly medical claims being advanced), with an
epistemological position (a position on how we know and on the very nature of the
claims to knowledge), with an ethical position (what, in light of what has been
revealed, society is called upon to do).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">They identify as part of a
liberatory social movement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">The experience and the
standpoint of survivors—not that of professionals--is considered the primary
one.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Psychiatry is theorized as a
bogus branch of medicine and an oppression. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">The overarching commitment is
to rid of the world of this oppression—that is, to rid of the world of
psychiatry—just as feminists are committed to ridding the world of sexism. </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Antipsychiatry is not simply a
label stuck on members of this constituency by others. It is at once a form of
self-identity and a calling that is actively embraced.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This position and this identity found
expression in various movement magazines from the early 1980s onward (see, for
example, the various issues of the totally antipsychiatry Toronto-based magazine
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phoenix Rising, </i>aptly subtitled “the
voice of the Psychiatrized” at <a href="http://www.psychiatricsurvivorarchives.com/phoenix.html">http://www.psychiatricsurvivorarchives.com/phoenix.html</a>),
which featured among other things, the voices of iconic survivors like Don
Weitz. While drawing heavily on the theoretic foundations provided by writers like
Szasz, while drawing at least as significantly on the lived experience as well
as the theorizing of psychiatric survivors everywhere, under the banner of
antipsychiatry, what all such activists have done and have continued to do over
the years is fundamentally critique psychiatry and fight for its abolition. It
was likewise a major ingredient in survivor magazines that combined both
antipsychiatry and other critical voices, e.g., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Madness Network News</i> (see <a href="http://www.madnessnetworknews.com/">http://www.madnessnetworknews.com/</a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Some salient points and distinctions: While
hardly being identical to the psychiatric survivor movement, antipsychiatry as
practiced by the people discussed above, profoundly connects with the survivor movement.
At the same time, it is also distinct. As discussed by Diamond (2012) in her
ground-breaking thesis, some members of the survivor movement are
antipsychiatry, while others are not. Correspondingly, while psychiatric
survivors make up a major part of the antipsychiatry movement, the movement is
not restricted to them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What is by far the largest and longest
standing antipsychiatry organization and network in the world—Coalition Against
Psychiatric Assault or CAPA (see <a href="https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/">https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/</a>)–is
instructive in this regard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Committed to
psychiatry abolition, and guided by a survivor standpoint, it is open to everyone
who takes an abolitionist position, irrespective of social location. Note in
this regard these words in its very inclusive mandate statement, “CAPA is a
coalition of people committed to dismantling the psychiatric system and
building a better world. Radical and visionary, we are comprised of activists,
psychiatric survivors, dramatists, academic and professionals.” Herein antipsychiatry
organizations mirror the operations of social movement groups like Marxist
organizations, for example, in which the basis of unity is the set of common principles
and commitments and not the social location. And herein this movement differs
from both the survivor movement and the mad movement (to which, once again, it
is intrinsically connected).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">One further bit of context: Contrasting with,
while to varying degrees interacting with the various groups discussed to date—that
is, both those who self-identify as antipsychiatry and those whom third parties
simply label antipsychiatry—are still others whom no one sees as antipsychiatry
but who nonetheless argue/fight for something better than what exists, with
many but not all of these at the same time seeing themselves as part of a
social movement. I do not locate the survivor movement in this category, for the
survivor movement is its very own special entity and spans most of the other
movements. Pivotal here are movements of professionals, albeit survivors often
identify with them and very commonly work with them. An example is “the
movement for a democratic psychiatry”, which originated with Basaglia in Italy
(see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Basaglia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco_Basaglia</a>)
and is exemplified currently by the work of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Asylum
Magazine</i> in England (see <a href="http://www.pccs-books.co.uk/asylum-magazine">http://www.pccs-books.co.uk/asylum-magazine</a>).
A more formidable example is the far larger network of theorists, survivors,
and activists who identify as “critical psychiatry”, with the “democratic
psychiatry” folk now largely being subsumed under the umbrella term “critical
psychiatry”. The primary mandate of such groups may roughly be described as <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“mental health reform” or “psychiatric
reform”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The context now clear, to return to the
questions with which this article began, so what does “antipsychiatry” mean? And
is the term useful? From one very limited perspective, it surely does seem
ambiguous for the term has blatantly been used in different ways by different
players. That said, I would like to pursue a different line of reasoning here. On
one hand, the word has evolved and when a word evolves, we don’t compare it to
the original meaning and on the basis of the difference between them claim
ambiguity. Doing so here would be a bit like saying that the meaning of the
word “typewriter” is ambiguous for it initially referred to the person
operating the machine. What is likewise significant, the original inventor and
promulgator of the word does not get to determine what it means.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">More generally, words can have meaning and
relevance on a number of different bases. One—and an important one it is—is a practical
basis. Questions to ask, in this regard, include: does a given usage of the word
sharply distinguish the phenomenon in question from separate albeit related
phenomena? And does it establish a direction?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And what is clear is that activists who proclaim themselves antipsychiatry
are using the term in a way that establishes a direction—abolition—and in the
process, we have created a niche that distinguishes antipsychiatry very sharply
from critical psychiatry. As such, antipsychiatry has an “evolved meaning” which
is both unambiguous and useful. What is likewise relevant, of all of usages of
the term that have surfaced over the years, this is the one—and this the only
one—that stands out as “linguistically correct”. How so?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Closely examine the word “antipsychiatry”.
It is a complex term composed of two parts, the first of which defines the
orientation to be taken to the second. So there is “anti”, which means
“against” and there is “psychiatry”, the meaning of which, alas, we all of know
only too well. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Anti” identifies the
orientation toward psychiatry. Ergo, to be antipsychiatry, by the very logic of
how language works, means to be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">against </i>psychiatry.
To be “against”, note, is blatantly different than “coming up with a new
version thereof”, “reforming psychiatry”, or “modifying it” –which in essence is
what critical psychiatry stands for. Two conclusions follow. The first is that
the activists who are using the term “antipsychiatry” to designate an
abolitionist position, which is what the vast majority of self-proclaimed
antipsychiatry activists are doing today, are using it correctly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The second—and we have already touched on
this—is that it is not an ambiguous word, but one with a clear and precise meaning.
To be antipsychiatry, in a nut shell, is to be “against psychiatry”, is to be
committed to getting rid of it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">How does one square this reality with the
early historical use of the term?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By
acknowledging that words change meaning. Beyond this, however, by taking in that
when Cooper invented the term “antipsychiatry”, what he did in effect is come up
with a “misnomer”, for, while for sure he had issues with psychiatry, strictly
speaking, he was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not </i>“against
psychiatry”. The term was quickly accepted without anyone commenting on or
seeming to notice the misnomer. What resulted from this acceptance of the term
is that for a very long time everyone with a substantial critique of psychiatry
got lumped together under this word. Come the modern activists—and survivors
were absolutely pivotal to this change—slowly but surely, a huge turnabout
happened. For the first time, the linguistic meaning of the word and what it
was being used to designate actually came together! The upshot? Though the term
“antipsychiatry” entered into our political vocabulary as a misnomer, what
materialized in the fullness of time is a useful word associated with a clear
position and a very important agenda. Correspondingly, there is no question
whose meaning of the word is accurate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Herein lie answers to most of the questions
posed at this beginning of this article. Yes, the term is useful. No, it is not
ambiguous. Yes, it is clear which usage to follow. No, it is not subject to
degrees. In this last regard, to be clear, one may of course have a strong
critique of psychiatry without wanting to get rid of it—but in that case one is
“<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">critical</i> psychiatry”, not “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">anti</i>psychiatry”. The same is true of
people who call themselves antipsychiatry while taking the position, for
example, that they only want to get rid of nonconsensual psychiatry, as vitally
important as such an advance would be.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To fathom why I am saying this, look at
comparable political terms in other areas—terms such as “antiracism” and
“anti-sexism”. No one, for example, would say that they are avidly antiracist,
but that being so does not imply that they want to stop all racism—just
“non-consensual racism”. Nor would anyone say they are anti-ableist”, while
meaning it is okay if people are ableist privately—that they are only against ableism
that is institutionally organized—that they have no objection to other types. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now if people opt to take a critical
psychiatry position, they are, of course, free to do so. What would be helpful,
however, is that they not confuse their own position with antipsychiatry, that
they not turn an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">unambiguous</i> term
into a vague term, that they not conflate antipsychiatry with critical psychiatry,
that they not, as it were, send us retreating back into the “grab bag category”
era.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I am aware, of course, that there are
people who straddle the divide between antipsychiatry and critical psychiatry,
or to put this another way, between abolition and reform. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And of course, I respect people’s right to use
words as they choose. In the interest of clarity, nonetheless, what I would
encourage people who straddle these positions to do is try to articulate their stance
without calling it antipsychiatry for despite the best of intentions—and I no
way doubt the people’s intentions are honourable—doing otherwise does “muddy
the waters”. And while I realize I am “stretching” here, I would encourage them
more generally to ask themselves what is stopping them from taking an abolition
position? And are there perhaps better ways of dealing with what worries them
without taking a position which, for all intents and purposes, involves propping
up a bogus and destructive system, lending it both power and legitimacy (for an
article that illustrates that despite the best intentions, history shows again
and again that this is where non-abolitionist reform leads, see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/11/liberal-mental-health-reform-fail-proof-way-fail/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/11/liberal-mental-health-reform-fail-proof-way-fail/</a>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">By way of example, if they are worried that
people need help—and who among us is not?—then how about working to establish participatory
help networks which as well as being voluntary, do not empower psychiatry?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Correspondingly, if you are worried that
people will be deprived of their way of coping if psychiatry is phased out—will
be robbed of the drugs that get them through the day, for instance (obviously, a
totally legitimate concern)—please note that there is nothing in the
abolitionist agenda which implies “leaving people in the lurch”. Herein, let me
suggest, lies the difference between thought<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ful</i>
and thoughtl<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ess</i> abolitionist work.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now I will not be mounting a case for antipsychiatry
in this article, for I have done so often in the past and such is not the purpose
of this article. Suffice it to say at this point, that it has been demonstrated
repeatedly by hundreds of solid theorists (both of the antipsychiatry and the critical
psychiatry variety) that psychiatry lacks foundations, that it is a bogus
branch of medicine, and that it overwhelmingly harms (see, for example Breggin
1992, Whitaker, 2010, and Burstow, 2015, and Gøtzsche, 2013). As such, however
one imagines that happening, does it not make sense bringing it to an end? Nor
is the issue of respecting people’s choices relevant, though understandably, this
issue almost invariably pops up when people explain why they are not
antipsychiatry. Of course people’s wishes need to be respected! That is
absolutely non-negotiable. And of course, people need choices! As I have argued
in detail elsewhere (see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/07/consent-psychiatry-problematizing-problematic/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/07/consent-psychiatry-problematizing-problematic/</a>),
that is a totally separate issue from stopping <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bogus</i> medicine from passing as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">real
</i>medicine, stopping the public funding of psychiatry and the industries
surrounding it, stopping giving them power and legitimacy—which, not
coincidentally, is a good part of what most of us mean by psychiatry abolition.
Moreover, as likewise shown in the article referenced above, psychiatry overwhelmingly
drives out choice; that is, it actually curtails the plethora of services that
many want, while coopting whatever else exists.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">As for those who are uncomfortable with the
notion of abolition itself, while abolition may seem extreme to people, and I
totally understand the impulse toward “moderation”, as I have argued elsewhere
(see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/11/liberal-mental-health-reform-fail-proof-way-fail">https://www.madinamerica.com/2014/11/liberal-mental-health-reform-fail-proof-way-fail</a>,
albeit commonly a wise position, “moderation” is not an answer to everything. If
a practice or institution is fundamentally unacceptable (take “murder, take
“slavery”) should we not be getting rid of it rather than just looking to develop
a less horrific version? By the same token, while some are afraid of the
concept because it seems tumultuous, note that there is nothing in the
commitment to abolition that in any way involves a commitment to instantaneous
overthrow. I would remind readers here of the painstakingly careful attrition
model of psychiatry abolition, where bit by bit, you unravel psychiatry, supporting
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">only those reforms</i> which lead in the
direction of abolition (for details on how to implement a strategy such as
this, see Burstow, 2013). More generally, pursuing abolition intelligently,
kindly, sensitively, in ways that take seriously the plight and the rights of
everyone, that is precisely what good abolitionist work is about.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To summarize, in short, the term
“antipsychiatry” has a very clear meaning, a very clear goal. It carves out a
totally distinct space. And its agenda is defensible, one might even say,
necessary. More generally, the arguments against it do not hold. At most they
apply to careless abolition work, which is in no way implied in the commitment
to abolition.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">That said, to quickly return to the early history
with which this article began, learning that I was penning an article of this
ilk, several days ago, one of my friends asked me this: Had Cooper lived long
enough to see what both psychiatry and antipsychiatry were to become, do I
think he himself would have endorsed an honest-to-God antipsychiatry vision? To
share my answer with the reader, while it is hard to know for certain, my guess
is probably not—or he would never have abandoned the term in the first place. My
guess is that in part Cooper abandoned the term precisely because it began to
dawn on him just how out-the-box it was. On the other hand, who is to say where
he would have gone had he stayed in the field and found himself contending with
the mega growth of biological psychiatry? Let me suggest, however, that even if
he would not have endorsed antipsychiatry, besides that his endorsement is
hardly needed, that would not make the term an iota less clear, or the
antipsychiatry agenda an iota less pressing. What it would do rather is stand as
yet another indicator of the limitations of social movement initiatives that
originate from professionals as opposed to originating with the oppressed. In
this regard, professionals can be important, even invaluable allies, and beyond
that, brothers and sisters in struggle—and thankfully, we all know ones who are.
Except under certain circumstances, however, professionals are simply not the
oppressed. This notwithstanding, hats out to David Cooper for coming up with a
term which was gutsier and even wiser than he knew! </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Finally, in ending, to return to the enigma
surrounding spelling which I hinted at early on, regardless of how you spell
“antipsychiatry”, linguistically speaking, it means the same thing.
Correspondingly, like Shakespeare who spelled the word “spear” in three
different ways throughout his portfolios, I have always considered society’s preoccupation
with “standard spelling” as at best pedantic. Nonetheless, a curious difference
surfaces in the spelling of the term “antipsychiatry”. While the word that
Cooper invented was hyphenated (as in “anti-psychiatry”) and while the vast
majority of others who went on to employ it or reference it followed suit,
there are generations of activists who have consistently spelt the word
differently, in some cases even consciously intending a break with Cooper. In
this regard, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all thirty-two issues</i> of
the historical antipsychiatry magazine <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Phoenix
Rising</i> consistently used the non-hyphenated version, as have legions of
antipsychiatry activists and their organizations (e.g., Resistance Against
Psychiatry and Coalition Against Psychiatric Assault). I personally have
published 7 books consistently employing the unhyphenated version and literally
hundreds of articles. And all the writings of the iconic survivor author Don
Weitz <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(and his writings in this area
date back to the 1970s) similarly uphold the spelling “antipsychiatry”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Of course, spelling is “just spelling” and the
vast majority of folks who come across your writing are unlikely to even notice
the difference. So “no sweat” if you choose to retain whatever spelling you have
been employing. This notwithstanding, if you want to stand in an almost forty
year old tradition of people who have used “antipsychiatry” consistently to
mean “abolition” (note, “antipsychiatry” without the hyphen has <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">never been used in any other way</i>), if you
want to line up with the activists and radicals as distinct from the
professionals, if you want to stand your ground as an abolitionist visionary, do
consider joining us and bidding the hyphen “adieu”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">References</span></u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Breggin, P. (1991). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Toxic
psychiatry</i>. New York: St. Martins Press.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2013). The withering of psychiatry: An attrition model
for antipsychiatry. In B. Burstow, B. LeFrançois, and S. Diamond (Eds.).<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Psychiatry disrupted</i> (pp. 34-51).
Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the business of madness</i>. New York: Palgrave.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Diamond. S. (2012). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Against
the medicalization of humanity</i>. Doctoral Thesis. Toronto: University of
Toronto.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Cooper, D. (1967). (Ed.). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and antipsychiatry</i>. London: Paladin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Foucault, M. (1980). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Power/Knowledge</i>
(C. Gordon, Trans.). New York: Pantheon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Laing, R. D. (1965). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
divided self</i>. London: Pelican Books.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Gøtzsche, P. (2013). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deadly
medicine and organized crime</i>. New York: Radcliffe.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Szasz, T. (1961). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The myth of
mental illness</i>. New York: Paul B. Hoeber.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Szasz, T. (2009). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Antipsychiatry:
Quackery squared</i>. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Whitaker, R. (2010). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anatomy
of an epidemic</i>. New York: Broadway Paperbacks.</span></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-41940893765075462912017-05-28T12:52:00.001-04:002017-05-28T12:52:08.092-04:00Conferring Legitimacy on the Counterhegemonic<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Those of us who are radicals are commonly struggling to find
ways to confer legitimacy on positions which substantially challenge hegemonic
constructions/ruling <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(oppressive status
quo ways of constructing/operating made to look like common sense). In this
article, via a case study, I will be exploring how to accomplish such feats
successfully, leveraging the authority of mainstream organizations in the
process (obviously, not the only way to go). Highlighted are: what kind of problems
happen along the way, and how you might deal with them. The “case” in question
involves two separate but related campaigns to establish an antipsychiatry scholarship
at a leading university. What makes this case particularly instructive is that
psychiatry and all that surrounds it is the height of hegemony, universities
are recognized gatekeepers of what counts as knowledge, and academic psychiatry
is pivotal to psychiatric hegemony (for a discussion of academic psychiatry,
see Burstow, 2015).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u>The Case<o:p></o:p></u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The first of the struggles to launch such a scholarship began
early in 2006. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Knowing of course that someone
personally endowing such a scholarship would be pivotal to making this happen—for
the extremely counterhegemonic are hardly agendas that mainstream organizations
rush to implement—I wrote the Senior Development Officer in the Gift Planning Office
at the University of Toronto with this proposition:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That in accordance with previsions that I was
creating in my will, my residual estate would go toward creating scholarships
in two different areas—antipsychiatry and combatting homelessness, and such
scholarships were to be awarded annually to thesis students at Ontario
Institute for Studies in Education (OISE).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The stipulations were: 1) students who were psychiatric survivors and
students who had experienced homelessness would be given priority; and 2) the
words “homelessness” and “antipsychiatry” would <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">both</i> be squarely in the title of the award. Why I put these two
areas together, to be clear, is that besides that they often interact and that
I was committed to both, I was counting on the fact that the antipsychiatry
area could, as it were, “ride in on the coattails”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of the homelessness area.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
At this point, you may be wondering why did I not just let
the will speak for itself after I died?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I did not because that would seriously jeopardize the success of the
venture. After I died, the president of the university, the university’s lawyer,
and the dean of OISE would have to agree to the terms of scholarship, and I
would not be around to marshal my arguments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Given how out-of-the-box the antipsychiatry part was, given, moreover,
that it conflicted with the teaching of psychiatry, and given that academic
psychiatry is a mainstay of most universities, such a gift would hardly be
approved easily.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However if I could
prevail upon the current dean, current lawyer, and current president to agree
in principle in now, it could pave the way for future agreement.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Was there any interest in the scholarship?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There was. Nonetheless, what followed was a very
difficult nine-month struggle—at this juncture, all of it at OISE.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Examples of challenges presented and how I
responded were: I was told that having such a scholarship was probably a
no-starter for it would outside of everyone else’s area of expertise and so no
program at OISE would ever agree to administer the scholarship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I realized that this was likely to be the
first of many obstacles, and if I did not deal them thoroughly, the initiative
would go nowhere. I proceeded to ask the coordinator of my program (adult
education) if our program could oversee it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She sounded doubtful.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I instantly
suspected that my best course of action would be to see if I could interest
another program in it, for this might well result in two programs agreeing to
oversee the award. Whereupon I turned to “Sociology and Equity Studies” (SESE),
who quickly passed a motion agreeing to administer it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then I returned to Adult Education. As I had intuited,
in response to SESE, adult education passed a similar motion (see minutes,
Adult Education Program October 11, 2006).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So now I had official minutes of meetings showing that two different programs
were happy to oversee the scholarship. With such obvious “buy-in”, would it now
be “clear sailing” for the scholarship?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Of course not!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Next problem: I was informed that while it was just fine
giving priority to students who had experienced chronic homelessness, there was
a serious problem giving priority to students who were psychiatric survivors
for doing so would constitute a human rights violation, moreover, no students “in
that position” would even want such a scholarship. Leaving alone the question of
possible prejudice here, I quickly demonstrated that it was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not </i>a human rights violation for we have
queer scholarships for which gay students are given priority.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Correspondingly, I went on to write both an
antipsychiatry and a mad organization, who forthwith consulted their
membership, then went on record stating that their members very wanted such a
scholarship (Coalition Against Psychiatric Assault and The Mad Students
Society). All of which evidence, I duly presented. Was this the end of the
objections?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hardly!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Though naturally, this had been the issue all along, the
word “antipsychiatry” was now objected to. I proceeded to successfully defend
the term/concept.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whereupon, I was asked
to sign a variance clause that in essence would allow the university to do
anything they wanted with the money if they thought that the area was no longer
relevant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Knowing that no gift is
acceptable to the university without a variance clause, I immediately created a
substitute variance clause that seriously limited what they could do, would
ensure that the money would be used for the purposes intended. And indeed, they
agreed to the clause.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now I thought that this must surely be the end for nine
months had passed and I had dealt with every single objection. However, at this
very juncture yet a further objection arose: I was told that it would be
important to consult with the head of my department to see if antipsychiatry
made sense to her as an area (a very nice person but one who, significantly, had
no knowledge of the area at all). Realizing that the same issue was just
returning in a new guise but that it was possible that they wanted my money
more than they hated the area, I figured that the moment had come to “play hardball”,
so said to the dean, “Thanks for the consideration, but this has been going on
too long, and if the general tenets of this scholarship have not been approved
by you, the university lawyer, and the President of the university within the
next week, I will extend the offer instead to the School of Social Work at
Carleton University.” Three days later an agreement had been reached—all three
players had consented. And a few days after that, in a highly collegial spirit,
the dean, the gifting specialist, and I got together for a celebration.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now I proceeded to go on to other projects as if this matter
had been thoroughly resolved. However, about eight years later it dawned on me
that the antipsychiatry part of this scholarship might not be secure after I was
dead, for here lie the bones of contention—moreover, no one else would fight for
it as skilfully as I did.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My solution?
To endow and to endow now a scholarship in antipsychiatry <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">only</i> —an initiative that I took on partly because it would be good
for the movement if such a scholarship existed now, partly to prepare the way for
the later and far larger scholarship which would materialize upon my demise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I named the new scholarship “The Bonnie
Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry” and I constructed it as a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>matching scholarship wherein I would be matching
up to $50, 000 of contributions by others, and where I would do the
fund-raising work necessary. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Negotiations quickly ensued. Now this battle I deliberately fought
on the grounds of academic freedom—something that was transparently an issue
and something dear to the hearts of all of us academics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And “sellable” grounds it proved, for
everyone at OISE quickly understood the relevance. Nonetheless, on four separate
occasions I was asked to remove the inconvenient term “antipsychiatry” from the
name of the award—something which, of course, I refused.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In fact I was even asked to consider endowing
instead a scholarship in counselling—obviously, an attempt to depoliticize. Now
at one point for reasons unclear to me, the process stalled for about a year,
though I used this time profitably to construct lists of possible donors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then something utterly unanticipated happened—the
administrator who had been the central contact for both scholarships was let
go—at which point I found, much to my chagrin, that no one at OISE had any
record whatever of the previous agreement. Fortunately, I had kept 7 years
worth of email and found what I needed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>New people stepped up and negotiations continued, and support at OISE
grew. With the new dean agreeing, we approached University of Toronto.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where once again, we encountered stalling.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is here where my having upfronted the issue of academic
freedom really paid off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interceding on
my behalf, picking up on my words, the person doing the negotiating for OISE, repeatedly
told the relevant official at University of Toronto, “I have two words for you—academic
freedom”. And in the fullness of time, the scholarship was approved by
University of Toronto.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And was everything okay now?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>With respect to the University of Toronto part of the struggle,
yes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We happily signed on the dotted
line, and with helpful staff at OISE lending a hand with the fundraising, the
next stage of the work commenced. However, this was also the time where the
most unpleasant of the obstacles presented themselves.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From where?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>From the mainstream media.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not
exactly surprising that the media would react highly negatively once they heard
tell of the development, as for decades now, they have “tripped over
themselves”, rushing to support psychiatry’s standard line (e.g., psychiatry is
progressive; its treatments are life-saving, and anyone who says otherwise is
an enemy of progress). Though who would have guessed the extent of it?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Both the scholarship and I personally were forthwith trashed
in several major newspapers, including <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
National Post</i> (see <a href="http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/barbara-kay-u-of-ts-antipsychiatry-scholarship-and-not-believing-in-mental-illness-is-an-attack-on-science">http://news.nationalpost.com/full-comment/barbara-kay-u-of-ts-antipsychiatry-scholarship-and-not-believing-in-mental-illness-is-an-attack-on-science</a>).
We were likewise trashed on one national television program, on approximately a
dozen radio programs, and several leading social media blogs. Although I am a
recognized scholar in the area, who, among other things, has challenged
psychiatry <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">precisely</i> on the basis of
science, I was portrayed repeatedly as unscientific, as the enemy of progress,
and someone who was unconscionably placing vulnerable people at risk, this by
people most of whom had read virtually nothing that I had written, never mind
checked their own bogus claims. Correspondingly, the scholarship itself was
depicted as “affront to science”. On top of which, I began receiving death
threats. I was likewise warned (read: threatened) that several lawsuits were in
the process of being drawn up against me. Moreover, I was repeatedly urged by an
OISE ally not to talk to the media at all.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now amidst this onslaught, this utter ignoring of the
principles of good journalism, I “kept my cool”. I decided carefully what to
respond to and what not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I ignored the
lawsuit threat for it was not credible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite
being urged to, I never once cancelled a speaking engagement—and the public
turned up to my events in droves. I asked one particular publication as a
counter to the sensationalistic article penned by their reporter that they
grant me an op ed piece, to which they consented (see <a href="http://thevarsity.ca/2016/11/13/op-ed-understanding-what-is-at-stake/">http://thevarsity.ca/2016/11/13/op-ed-understanding-what-is-at-stake/</a>).
I gave an interview to a solid reporter—Kevin Richie—who worked for a
sympathetic lefty newspaper—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Now</i>—and he
wrote a terrific piece (see <a href="https://nowtoronto.com/lifestyle/class-action/bonnie-burstow-launches-worlds-first-antipsychiatry-scholarship-at-oise/">https://nowtoronto.com/lifestyle/class-action/bonnie-burstow-launches-worlds-first-antipsychiatry-scholarship-at-oise/</a>).
I likewise rallied students and other allies to respond to some of the attacks.
More significantly, along with students, I created a video about the
scholarship (see <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJyA6RyQmMo">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJyA6RyQmMo</a>),
wherein, among other things, antipsychiatry students shed light on <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the bias which they face when applying for
scholarships—and how this award counters the inequity. Moreover, we created both
fact sheets and letters. Along with allies like Coalition Against Psychiatric Assault,
correspondingly, we all of us together created fundraisers, with one that was
particularly enjoyable and participatory being an auction facilitated by a
joke-cracking auctioneer who donned a thick Yiddish accent for the event. In
essence we created our own good press, while making what we could of the bad
press.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We created community. And we all
of us watched as the contributions rolled in.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What is especially interesting here is that while the bad
publicity pieces greatly outnumbered the good, if anything this only encouraged
more people to join the cause. The point is that bad publicity is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">still publicity</i>—in fact the
contributions to the scholarship picked up considerably after the bad press
began for now way more people knew of it, moreover, many were outraged by the
shoddy journalism.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Now by most standards, our fundraising was proceeding well.
This notwithstanding, as the campaign began to draw to a close, we still had
come nowhere near reaching the $50,000 target—and please remember we needed to,
for this was a matching scholarship with me matching up $50,000 of donations by
others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That said, close to the very end
came a most unexpected development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An
anonymous Texas donor materialized who pledged enough to bring the amount to be
matched to $50,000. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>How did he know
about it? In a word, because of the deluge of negative publicity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And were this not gift enough, the anonymous donor proceeded
to create a second stage of matching. That is, he signed a contract with the
University of Toronto committing to match every Canadian dollar subsequently
contributed over the next period with an American dollar.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In short, we had prevailed beyond our wildest dreams!<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As an aside, I would add, I received a call around that time
from the executor of my will, who said, “Bonnie, I can’t tell you how relieved
I am that you did all this! Otherwise they would never have honoured the
conditions of your will.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u>Lessons to be Gleaned<o:p></o:p></u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
While every situation is of course unique, what follows are
general “take-away” lessons that arise from this “case”, some guidance for others,
whatever their cause, in their efforts to involve a mainstream organization in
the struggle to bestow legitimacy on their counterhegemonic area: <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Ask for something relevant to your cause, that
fits with their standard ways of operating, and which they have the power to
grant.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Always keep your eye peeled for what could go
wrong imminently or in the long run.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Keep in mind both the instrumental goal and the
final goal, as well as various accompanying goals. In this case, the
instrumental goal was getting the scholarship approved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An example of an accompanying goal was
assuring that students doing research in this area had access to scholarships.
The final goal was raising the credibility and enhancing the profile of
antipsychiatry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now by way of example,
had my only concern been the immediate goal and the accompanying goal, I could
have simply contributed the whole $100,000 myself and saved us all literally
thousands of hours of work. Creating a matching scholarship, however, and
involving many in the campaign was a way of mobilizing the community—which
community, in the final analysis, are critical to what Foucault (1980) calls
“the insurrection of subjugated knowledge”.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Know the law or consult an ally who does.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Prepare for a long haul and prepare to do a
whole lot of educating.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->If you think at any time that you are
“home-free”, think again.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Be prepared for the fact that parts of the fight
that seem to have been won will return in new ways, for such is the nature of
hegemonic rule. Do not get frustrated. Just tackle whatever new form emerges.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Do not
accept the concept of impossibility. In this regard, take every obstacle in
your path as a practical problem for you to solve.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->While working cooperatively with the
organizations whose cooperation you are requesting, always be prepared to challenge
and to stand your ground.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note they will
likely want you to “water down” what you are asking for—and please note, this
is just not the way that revolutions happen.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->If there is money that you are giving in the
process, know that this gives you leverage and you should use it (if not, do
spend time figuring out what your leverage is or might be—for battles of this
significance are seldom won without leverage). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Identify principles held in common by you and
those whose cooperation you are seeking.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Then use this as leverage, and what is even more significant, use it as
a basis of solidarity (note the enormous importance of the principle of
academic freedom in the saga above).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->What relates to the last point, help people comprehend
exactly what they are standing for in aligning themselves with this project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the case study, they were standing for
academic freedom, they were standing for the creation of new knowledge, they
were standing for liberatory knowledge; and they were standing up for equity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Realize
that the very slowness of the process can work in your favour. The time taken
gives folk with whom you are dealing the experience necessary to truly identify
with the cause.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then by the time the
inevitable challenges arise from higher ups or the public at large, the people
that you have spent all this time educating have become so identified with the
cause, they are not simply fighting for you. They are fighting for something
they have come to believe in, something that they too have invested their care
and energy in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Be very clear what the organization as a whole
gets from taking the measures that you are suggesting and help people
internalize this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the case study just
presented, note, they got money, they got the opportunity to both be moral and be
seen as moral, they got the opportunity more generally to be leaders in the
sense that the University of Toronto would be the first university anywhere to
have such a scholarship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->What relates to the foregoing, help people take
in that they have something to lose if they do not get involved.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This sense of gain and loss and can enter in in
a variety of ways.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sometimes the issue is
that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">someone else</i> might get what you
are offering them—in which case it starts to look more attractive.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note how the coordinator of adult education
became more interested in an adult education connection once it looked like
SESE as opposed to adult education would end up associated with the award,
similarly how the dean of OISE in 2006 became more committed to the scholarship
once the prospect arose of it going elsewhere. Other times, it is simply the
reality of losing the chance to be associated with and to be part of a
wonderful and ground-breaking venture.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Hold on to evidence of agreements reached for institutional
players come and go, and when they leave, institutional memory typically goes
with them. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Be aware that most of the press will be lined up
against you, and so begin developing a media strategy early on.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Even if you and the venture are being attacked
mercilessly, never devote more than 2% of your effort to responding to
attacks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead spend the time getting
your message out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note in this regard, I
personally responded in writing to only one attack (in the OP Ed piece
referenced earlier). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Correspondingly, I
quickly summarized what was wrong with the article, then devoted the vast
majority of the piece to explaining what made this scholarship vital. To put
this another way, be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">active</i>, not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">reactive</i>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Rally your allies wherever you can. You at once
receive considerable help and what is far more significant, you turn this struggle
into what it <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">absolutely has to become</i>
—a community effort and a common cause. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Build in fun events, optimally using art and
celebration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this regard, remember
anarchist Emma Goldman’s famous remark, “If I can’t dance, I don’t want to be
part of your revolution.” (see <a href="http://www.ificantdance.org/About/00-IfICantDance/OnEmmaGoldman">http://www.ificantdance.o
rg/About/00-IfICantDance/OnEmmaGoldman</a>)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Upfront
the voices of those who will benefit from the measures being taken (note, in
this case, the up-fronting of voices like the Mad Students’ Society and the
voices of current students who would themselves benefit directly or indirectly from
the scholarship). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Figure out what to counter and what to ignore.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Reach out to sympathetic media and create/co-create
your own positive coverage. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Never let threats scare you off. The more they
threaten you, the more visible/audible you need to become. Such is the nature
of revolutions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Operate on the principle that “bad publicity” is
almost invariably better than “no publicity”. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Finally, keep in mind that there is a type of dialectic by
which issues of this ilk operate. That is, in the very ways that the forces of
hegemony go after you lies the seeds of your eventual (and collective) success.
You have but to apply the moral jujitsu of principled social activism.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u>Concluding Remarks<o:p></o:p></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My hope is that these general principles are of service to
you in your ongoing work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever your
counterhegemonic battle is, whether it be antipsychiatry, or prison abolition, or
gender-bending, feel free to use them, add to them, share them with friends.
This said, I, along with many of my readers have a special interest in their
use in the war against psychiatry. May they help us reach new heights! May they
help us slowly but surely turn antipsychiatry/critical psychiatry into an
accepted form of knowledge.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In concluding, to return to Dr. Bonnie Burstow Scholarship
in Antipsychiatry itself: I’d like to take this opportunity to thank all who joined
the cause, including my ever trusty allies Lauren Tenney, Don Weitz, Peter
Breggin, and Cheri DiNovo; thank you all who contributed money; all organizations
who put time and effort into the venture (e.g., Coalition Against Psychiatric
Assault); all the students and others who phoned people, mounted fundraisers,
co-created videos, responded to critics, spread the word (e.g., Sharry Taylor,
Sona Kazemi, Efrat Gold, Lauren Spring, Simon Adam, Rebecca Ballen, Mark Federman,
Edward Fox, Nichole Schott, and Oriel Vargas). Likewise, a special thanks to OISE
employees for your enormous support, for going the “extra mile” (e.g., Mark
Riczu, Inna Hupponen, Charles Pascal, and Sim Kapoor).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To close, correspondingly, with a timely reminder: A new
stage of matching has just begun—so if interested in contributing to the cause,
check out the OISE website (<a href="http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/About_OISE/Bonnie_Burstow_Scholarship.html">http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/About_OISE/Bonnie_Burstow_Scholarship.html</a>);
also see <a href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/give/show/271">https://donate.utoronto.ca/give/show/271</a>).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u>References<o:p></o:p></u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Burstow, B. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the business of madness</i>. New York: Palgrave.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Foucault, M. (1980). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Power/Knowledge</i>
(C. Gordon et al, Trans.). New York: Pantheon.<o:p></o:p></div>
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bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-82342929783042203862017-03-02T07:36:00.000-05:002017-03-02T07:36:42.390-05:00A Curse for a Cursed Profession
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
But a short while ago, I was
slugging away on a work-related report – a dreary task that nudges the mind to
drift – when I found myself wondering what I might add to the premiere launch
of my book <a href="http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319411736"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry Interrogated</i></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,</i> soon to be upon me, to lend it that
extra “oomph.” Before I knew it, I had set aside the report and was in the
midst of penning a poem – one modelled on the Victorian poet Elizabeth Barrett
Browning’s masterpiece “<a href="https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/a-curse-for-a-nation/">A Curse for a
Nation</a>.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
Now, in “polite society,” cursing
is largely verboten. Let me suggest, however, that if done in the correct
spirit and adroitly, cursing can be a highly useful type of anti-oppression
work. How so? It can at once shed light on oppression, express the outrage
warranted, and motivate action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On top
of which, it can be personally liberating. Moreover, as Browning so sagely
points out, paradoxical though this may seem, it can itself be a loving act.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
In Browning’s poem, what Browning
was cursing was the United States. Why?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because of the abomination of slavery. Read the poem and you will see
the force, the satisfaction of “saying it like it is,” the implicit
consciousness-raising, all of which made it enormously popular within
abolitionist circles at the time. It was precisely with this awareness that as
the day of my book launch neared, I instinctively found myself turning to her
poem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
Now to be clear, I am not
intending here any kind of comparison between – let alone an equation of –
American slavery and the practices of modern psychiatry. Obviously there are
profound differences. Nor am I weighing in on either side of the debate that
every so often surfaces in venues like Mad in America as to whether or not
slavery and psychiatry <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2016/12/racist-movement-cannot-move/"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">should be</i> compared</a>. What <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">am </i>I doing? Approaching both as
institutional oppression, just as I would approach sexism or classism.
Correspondingly, I am allowing the poem to inspire me. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
Nor, as it happens, am I the first
antipsychiatry theorist to be inspired by this poem (nor likely to be the
last). I would refer readers in this regard to psychologist John Breeding’s
wondrous Jungian poem “<a href="http://www.wildestcolts.com/psych_opp/a-coercion/6-curse.html">An Anima
Curse for a Profession</a>.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
That said, what happened in the
days leading up to the launch might best be described as being “taken over.”
Half mesmerized, again and again I found myself turning to Browning’s poem,
reading, rewriting, rewriting anew, drawing on key phrases and sections, all
the while conjuring up the everyday practices of modern psychiatry. What
particularly captivated me about Browning’s poem is that the very worst curse
that she could imagine bestowing on the targeted oppressors is that they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">be themselves –</i> that is, they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">continue to do exactly what they have always
done</i>. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
What emerged from my labour is a poem
entitled “A Curse for a Cursed Profession.” And on February 24th, at the
premiere launch of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
Interrogated</i> in the Nexus Lounge at OISE/University of Toronto, I read this
poem to an audience of 200 people. It was the culmination a very different type
of pedagogy in which I, as editor of the book, and four other contributors (Dr.
Jennifer Poole, Lauren Spring, Mary Jean Hande, and Rob Wipond) introduced the
audience to the anthology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
As <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry Interrogated</i> is the world’s very first anthology of
institutional ethnography investigations into psychiatry – itself a major
achievement – there was an emphasis that evening on scholarship as we explained
the benefit of institutional ethnography as a methodology and, bit by bit, laid
out the findings of our various projects. An excited audience learned, for
example, how it is that perfectly competent nurses lose not only their jobs but
their very nursing accreditation through the everyday activation of psychiatric
texts. They likewise learned how the compulsory “mental health” framing in
Canadian workplaces routinely operates to the detriment of those purportedly
helped. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
Following the speeches was a
highly animated Q&A. Then came my poem – something far less scholarly and
far more visceral. From the smiles of recognition and triumph that quickly
inundated the room, nothing could be clearer that that it struck a chord, hence
my decision to reproduce it here.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
A few words about my poem itself:
As with Browning’s, the first section is a prelude; the second, the curse.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In my prelude – and this happened with
Breeding too – many of Browning’s phrases and ideas are used, as is her general
design. My curse, on the other hand, differs dramatically from Browning’s.
This, nonetheless, remains the same: In both cases, each stanza ends with a
refrain that gives voice to the curse. Correspondingly, the worst curse that I
too could imagine bestowing on my target is that they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">be themselves</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
Which bring us to the poem:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
Please accept this poem as
intended – as a part of an account of a Toronto book launch, as a critique of
psychiatry in a new key, as a creative way to go about activism, as a moment of
inspiration. And do enjoy, ponder, change, build on, and curse as the spirit
moves you. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Curse for a Cursed Profession</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I heard an angel speak last night.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And he said: Write</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Write a curse against the profession of psychiatry for me</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And send it over and against the therapeutic sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I faltered, taking up the word.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Not so, my lord,” I answered.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“If curses there must be, choose another</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To send this curse against my brother</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For I am a soul moved by love.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Love of everyone around me</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Love of the vulnerable, love of the lofty</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Love of everyone who is or ever will be.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Therefore,” said the voice, “shalt thou write </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My curse tonight.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
From the summit of love a curse is driven</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As lightning is from the tops of heaven.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Forgive me, liege,” I answered. “Ever more</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
My heart is sore </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For the sins of the modern state: For the little feet</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Of drugged urchins who stagger across the street</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
But curse, I cannot.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Cursing is a man's job.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I a woman have only known</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How the heart melts and tears run.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Therefore,” continued the angel,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Shalt thou write my curse tonight</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Weep and write</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For a curse from the depths of womanhood</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Is salty, and bitter, and good.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
So thus I wept and thus I wrote</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
What all may read</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And thus, as was beholden on me </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
– For well I understood the necessity –</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I sent it over and against the therapeutic sea.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u>The Curse</u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Because thou hast broken the Hippocratic Oath,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Because ye lie about science while donning its garb</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And never so much as feel an ounce of shame</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
As ye and thy professional brethern grab ever more power and
fame,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is thy curse: Prescribe.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When others uncover thy mistakes: Cry foul!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dismiss without consideration.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When women whom thou hast electroshocked forget who they
are,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Call it progress and stand thy ground,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And when the children of women arrive early at the grave,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Having been on Prozac since age 5,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Never forget, as doctors, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">you</i> do no wrong</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Unlike the common throng:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is thy curse: Prescribe.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Like Bismarck, like Attila the Hun,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Have thy arsenal always ready at hand,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
With words begin, with words end.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Schizophrenia,” call it, “bipolar,” “ADHD.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If thou thinkest thou might later commit, </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Tick “paranoid” next to “PTSD.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Verily, verily,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Off thy tongue, let the fateful words roll trippingly.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Then before thy office the poor wretch starts to depart,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is thy curse: Prescribe.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When thou runnest out of people here on whom thy kindness to
bestow,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Like the merchants of old,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Be bold</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And set sail for lands yet untapped.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
How about Sri Lanka? How about Ghana? How about the Congo?</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Surely they too can gain </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
From the white man's game.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is thy curse: Prescribe.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And if, perchance, thou findeth thyself losing the credibility
battle,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Time it will be to name the latest disease –</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Prognostically speaking, the horror of horrors! -–</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“Acute Antipsychiatry Disorder.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Quick! Enter it into the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">DSM</i>,
ensuring that no other diseases it borders!</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And as the ignorant celebrate in the noonday sun,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
And as liberation rings from the mountain top,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This is thy curse: Prescribe.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 28.35pt;">
<br /></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-38923871265043116962016-12-28T06:22:00.000-05:002016-12-28T06:22:59.888-05:00Starting the New Year with a Bang: A Medley of Antipsychiatry Resolutions
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Every year at this time, from Canada to
Ireland, from Turkey to South Africa both determined and not-so-determined folk
make a very unusual list, known traditionally as New Year's resolutions. They
make resolutions about how to assert themselves at work. They make resolutions
about how they will treat others, about doing something about their ever
growing heroine use, about returning to school, about standing up to the class
bully, about spending quality time with their loved ones. All good. This
notwithstanding, although there are now a fair number of folk with a high degree
of antipsychiatry knowledge and commitment, only but rarely do such factors
figure in anyone’s New Year’s resolutions. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Aimed precisely at this population, this article
is intended to help remedy that oversight. What follows, accordingly, are
antipsychiatry resolutions <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-- ones that
people may borrow from at will. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">More specifically, below are three sets -- 1)
a general set for everyone with a critique; 2) a set for survivors and “users” of
psychiatry; and 3) a set for “mental health professionals”. Of course,
everyone's situation is unique (one size does not fit all). Accordingly, this is
a pick-and-choose situation. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If there
are any that you find yourself wanting to include in your own Resolution List,
with or without modification, just feel free.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A caveat: It is hardly a secret that the
vast majority of New Year’s resolutions are never kept -- or even seriously
adopted. This is probably because they are vague inclinations to which people
have no special relationship, with the making of them primarily a feel-good
custom that people are following. I am hoping that we can do better with the
antipsychiatry ones. My invitation, accordingly, is to thumb through the list
and, insofar as you pick any, pick only ones that fit you, that are timely for
you, that so resonate with your sense of yourself and your trajectory that you genuinely
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">will be</i> “resolved”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">That said, read, enjoy, and use at will.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">General
Antipsychiatry New Year’s Resolutions for All Critics of Psychiatry</span></u><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will worry less about damaging my
credibility by endorsing an abolitionist position.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Rather I will aim at mustering up the courage
to say what I know. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This year, I will stop just yakking about
antipsychiatry activism and start putting it into practice (translation: “walk
the walk”). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will familiarize myself with social
movement theory and become more strategic as an activist.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">For every hour I spend responding to posts
on the Internet, I will spend a comparable amount of time “doing antipsychiatry”
in the material world. More specifically, I will do at least one of: a) spearhead
a demonstration; b) respond to problematic legislation; c) create a new
antipsychiatry organization; d) join Tina Minkowitz’s campaign for the absolute
prohibition on nonconsensual psychiatry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will stop using “mental health” language
entirely -- will not use words like “medication”, or even ones like “symptoms”
and “mental health” --for as Audre Lorde (1984) so astutely put it years ago,
“the master’s tools will never dismantle the master’s house.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will work with others at rewriting the
woefully inadequate description of antipsychiatry found on Wikipedia (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Anti-psychiatry">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Anti-psychiatry</a>).
Minimally, I will correct the conflation between the mad and the antipsychiatry
movements, and I will ensure that the entry is far less American-centric (oh
yes, that is a problem).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will do my homework, and by September, I
will be able to distinguish effortlessly <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>between “antipsychiatry” and “critical
psychiatry”, between Thomas Szasz and R.D. Laing. I will likewise familiarize
myself with the attrition model of psychiatry abolition (see Burstow, 2014),
get a feel for how it works.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Whenever faced with a new initiative, I
will automatically ask: 1) if successful, will the actions or campaigns that we
are contemplating move us closer to the long range goal of psychiatry
abolition?; 2) Are they likely to avoid improving or giving added legitimacy to
psychiatry?; and 3) Do they avoid “widening” psychiatry’s net?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will adopt at least one of the book activism
strategies outlined in “Getting Our Anti/Critical Psychiatry Authors Read: A
Case for Book Activism” (<a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2015/04/getting-anticritical-psychiatry-authors-read-case-book-activism/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2015/04/getting-anticritical-psychiatry-authors-read-case-book-activism/</a>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The point is, we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">need </i>our authors to be read.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will stop holding my peace when people
mention that a loved one is considering starting a psychiatric “treatment”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will demonstrate for a total ban on ECT --
I mean, shooting electricity through a person’s skull -- like, what the fuck?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">When asked for my advice regarding a
psychiatric “treatment” that someone is considering, I will do everything
possible to avoid falling into either of these common errors: a) soft-peddling
what I know and b) being insensitive or disrespectful.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will pay more attention to the plight of
families.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will be conscientious in my attempt to
integrate feminism, antiracism, anti-ageism, etc. into my antipsychiatry work. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will stop treating critics of psychiatry
whose analysis differs from mine as THE ENEMY.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If I find myself acting like a troll on an anti/critical
psychiatry site, I will cease and desist<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>-- then send myself to bed without supper. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will prioritize infusing kindness into
the antipsychiatry and mad community -- for when “push comes to shove”, besides
that infighting is counterproductive, it matters how we treat one another.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">At least once a month, I will tell
antipsychiatry warriors like Lauren Tenney, Don Weitz, Celia Brown, and Mary
Maddock what wonderful work they do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will inject far more fun into my antipsychiatry
activism, for to quote Emma Goldman, “If there won’t be dancing at the
revolution, I’m not coming.” (see <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Emma_Goldman">https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Emma_Goldman</a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Early in the year, I will form an
antipsychiatry think tank which examines each situation for political leverage,
for what pressure can be brought to bear.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If I happen upon a “mental health”
professional snickering at the tenets of antipsychiatry. I will chime in with
what I know, scrupulously remaining factual, clear, and logical, irrespective of
how he comports himself. Though <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in
extremis</i>, under my breath, I just might mutter, “May you laugh so hard that
your anus turns inside out.” Oh what a joy it is to curse now and then!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will critique Bonnie Burstow a whole lot
less -- I duly swear it!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will critique Bonnie Burstow a whole lot
more -- I duly swear it!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If at any time I see an opinionated shrink coming
my way, I will spit three times, throw salt over my shoulder, hightail it out
of there -- then treat myself to the yummiest schnitzel in town.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Antipsychiatry
Resolutions for Survivors and/or “Users” of Psychiatry</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If taking on antipsychiatry in its fullness
feels like more than I can do, I will figure out one baby step -- then act on
it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will remind myself regularly that I
deserve a full life, whether or not that means being “psychiatry-free”, which I
suspect that it might.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will stop waiting for recognized leaders
in the movement to initiate action.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where
I feel strongly about an issue, I will myself assume a leadership role.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will continue to tell the story of my
psychiatrization, as helpful -- and personal stories are without doubt vital to
our movement and to me. At the same time, should at any point such sharing leave
me feeling in a rut, I will give myself permission “not to go there” or to
contribute in a different way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If like last year, I again find myself
wondering whether I have a mental illness after all, I will reach out to fellow
survivors who are likewise antipsychiatry. Who better than my brothers and
sisters who have also “been there”?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Antipsychiatry
Resolutions for “Mental Health” Professionals</span></u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Instead of dismissing them as impractical, I
will make an effort to learn from the various survivors and
critical/antipsychiatry professionals who venture further than me, for deep
down I know that here is where hope lay.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Bit by bit, I will sever my connection with
institutional psychiatry. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will stop pretending that the “system”
can be “fixed”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">For every year in which I was silent about
what I knew about psychiatry, I will donate $100.00 to a worthy antipsychiatry
project -- and which of them aren’t worthy?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Whatever the personal cost -- and I am well
aware that the cost will be high -- I will publically declare myself
antipsychiatry -- and explain why.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will use the credibility bestowed upon me
as a professional to add to the credibility of survivor knowledge.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will stop charging when I contribute to
the antipsychiatry cause. If others give of their labour freely, why not me?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will add institutional ethnography to my
repertoire and start mining the everyday “work” with which I <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>was once associated for entries into critical
understanding.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will forgive myself for the mistake of ever
buying into psychiatry, realizing that I too am a product of socialization.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Counterintuitive though this is for me, I
will stop trying to increase the number of professionals – even empathic ones.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Enough is enough!: I will become a
“whistle-blower”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I will take as one of my primary responsibilities
transferring my skills to the community, in essence, doing myself out of a job.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">More and more, I will challenge my
colleagues -- doctors, nurses, social workers, and psychologists especially -- to
face what they know about psychiatry, indeed, what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">on some level</i>, the whole world knows -- then to act accordingly. </span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Closing
Remarks </span></u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Hopefully, a few of the resolutions in the
medley above speak to you. If not, by all means, invent your own set from
scratch. What is important here is having a plan and going about the work of
antipsychiatry strategically, reflectively.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In ending, wishing one Donald Trump Esquire
a new calling -- perhaps used car salesman. Wishing “zei gezunt” (be well) to those
who “walk the walk”, whether your social movement be antipsychiatry, feminism,
or environmentalism. Wishing for an end to racism, Islamophobia, anti-Semitism,
etc. Wishing that psychiatry starts being widely seen for what it is -- a
“pseudo-science” on a par with blood-letting. Wishing for peace in the world. Wishing
for love, kindness, wisdom, community, and revolution. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">And wishing everyone everywhere, whatever
your lot in life, a good and “psychiatry-free” year.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">References</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Breggin, P. (1991). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Toxic Psychiatry</i>. New York: St. Martin’s Press.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Breggin, P. and Cohen D. (2007). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Your Drug May be the Problem: How and Why to
Stop Psychiatric Medication.</i> New York: DeCapo Press.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="line-height: normal; text-indent: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2014). The withering of psychiatry: An attrition model
for antipsychiatry. In Bonnie Burstow, Brenda LeFrançois, & Shaindl Diamond
(Eds.), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry Disrupted: Theorizing
Resistance and Crafting the (R)evolution</i> (pp. 34-51)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.</i> Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Lorde, A. (1984). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sister Outsider</i>. Berkeley: Crossing Press.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Szasz, T. (1970). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Manufacture of Madness.</i> New York: Harper and Row.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-90926080783856280412016-12-14T06:01:00.000-05:002016-12-14T06:01:05.994-05:00Learnings from Earthworms: The Ecstasy of an Antipsychiatry Breakthrough
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Approximately two
years ago, I penned an article contending that the tide is beginning to turn
against psychiatry (see <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2015/09/yes-the-tide-is-turning-against-psychiatry/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2015/09/yes-the-tide-is-turning-against-psychiatry/</a>),
listing as examples of telling indicators thereof the ever growing critiques of
DSM-5, the abundance of devastating exposés exposing the systematic “cooking”
of psychiatric drug trials, and the emergence of a special issue of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Activa Scandinavica</i> precisely on what
has been euphemistically termed psychiatry’s “image problem” (see <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acps.2014.131.issue-1/issuetoc">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acps.2014.131.issue-1/issuetoc</a>).
Likewise an indicator, but on a far far more modest scale, is the huge success
of an educational event last week. This minor example is the focus of this
article.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Exactly what was
the event? A two hour public library talk complete with Q&A occurred on
December 6. And what makes this even a tiny indicator? Besides that this was as
a totally antipsychiatry talk, and besides the fact that never before had a
public library sought out an antipsychiatry scholar/activist to deliver a speech
of this ilk, what is significant here is the enormity of the turnout, together
with the highly positive reception. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">So how did this
event materialize? And what exactly happened?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">The brainchild of
Toronto librarian Masha Darkor, the event was kickstarted almost a year ago
when Masha took the unprecedented move of turning up at the book launch of a
new antipsychiatry book of mine called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the Business of Madness</i> with the intent of persuading me as author to
give a book talk on the subject in the Beeton Auditorium of the Toronto
Reference Library. For those unfamiliar with this library, it is by far the largest
public library in Toronto, located in the centre of the city. The significance
of this invitation is that for the first time in history an antipsychiatry
address would be happening in a totally mainstream venue. Discussions took
place about accommodation needs, and in the fullness of time the date of
December 6 2016 was agreed on. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">As the big day
came, the prognosis for even a fair-to-middling turnout was poor, for it was
raining mercilessly. Nonetheless, against all odds, in unprecedented numbers, people
turned up, most from Toronto, some schlepping in this highly inclement weather
all the way from neighbouring cities like Milton. According to the estimate provided
by Toronto library official Richard MacCallum, the turnout was “212 people” -- a
figure never remotely garnered before by an antipsychiatry talk. Correspondingly,
hailing the event as a total success, in his correspondence the following day, MacCallum
correctly pointed out that not only was the auditorium packed, just outside all
three exits stood folk, listening intently, despite not being able to get in or
even sit down. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Even a year ago,
who would have thought such interest and determination possible?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">If the number of people present and the
staying power were impressive, so was the response. We began with a minute of
silence in commemoration of the women killed in the Montreal Massacre for this was
indeed the anniversary of that misogynous horror. Later in the talk, I
problematized the standard psychiatric claim that the various school shootings
in general would not have happened had only the perpetrators been on
psychiatric drugs. In response, I pointed out that the vast <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">majority</i> of the school shooters in North
America had in fact been on a therapeutic dose of psychiatric drugs <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">at the time of the shooting</i> (see Burstow,
2015: <a href="http://www.palgrave.com/us/book/9781137503831">http://www.palgrave.com/us/book/9781137503831</a>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The point and the horrific irony here is that
these drugs, while being one of the causal factors, are being erroneously
configured by psychiatry as the solution.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">As the talk proceeded, with the
problematizing of the concept mental illness, the exploration of the quality of
psychiatric research, and the etching out of different and more communal and
respectful approaches to individual and social problems, not a soul in the
auditorium budged.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Come question period,
correspondingly, it was clear that people had been listening intently, moreover,
that the audience was not just comprised of what might be called “the usual
suspects” but were a highly diverse group that hailed from all walks of
life:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some were transparently students,
some psychiatric survivors, some family members of survivors, some academics, some
former police officers, some taxi drivers, some social service providers, some
activists (including from feminist and antiracist movements), some health
professionals (e.g., medical doctors, social workers, psychologists,
naturopaths). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What likewise suggested to me that an appreciable
shift had occurred, the questions asked were both transparently informed and “onside”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Can you tell me what to do when someone is
struggling with addictions?” asked one person. “What is the number one thing we
should be doing as activists?” asked another. “Even if they knew nothing about
how compromised the research is that underpins the treatments, how can doctors bring
themselves to just impose drugs on their patients?” poignantly exclaimed still another,
peering about with incredulity. Hands of people eager to ask questions kept
rising, and we could have easily continued with the Q&A for another couple
of hours. Adding to the triumph of the day, when the event was ostensibly over,
people lined up in large number to connect with me, some professionals who wanted
to discuss more about what concretely could be done, some survivors eager to relay
their story. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What adds further to my sense of the
significance of the event, I received an avalanche of enthusiastic emails from
attendees the following day. Of these, one story especially touched my heart. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Despite the incessant rain, all the way
from Milton the woman drove. Why? Because, according to her, she had the
uncanny feeling that coming to this lecture would be a life-changing event. She
added that as she headed back home that evening she indeed saw proof that it
was. Irrespective of whether or not she is correct in her evaluation, what <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>happened? As she departed the auditorium, she attempted
to buy one of the antipsychiatry books being sold. Unfortunately, the machine
refused her credit card. Prior to attending this lecture, she informed me, she
would have responded to an outcome like this by becoming instantly downcast. Instead,
inspired with a new confidence and hope, she laughed off what had happened as a
minor inconvenience and headed home. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now I am well aware that folk who are totally
or even partially positive about psychiatry will to various degrees be unhappy,
perhaps even livid, about what happened on that rainy evening, may well see the
enormity of the interest and enthusiasm sparked as dangerous, and several will immediately
jump to critiquing both antipsychiatry and its advocates -- which is surely
their right. Such inevitably and understandably transpires when a central paradigm
of any sort is under attack, though especially when: a) people are convinced
(indeed, such is hegemony that they have been taught to be convinced) that the well
being of the vulnerable and society in general is dependent on said paradigm
and the practices associated with it, and b) when they see a paradigm in which
they and/or their loved ones have vested their trust beginning to crumble. Now
to be clear, I am in no way questioning the experiences of such folk for I totally
respect that people are experts on their own experience -- I am questioning only
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">interpretation</i> of that
experience, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">as framed by psychiatry</i>. And
to be clear, of course, I feel for the fear and the pain involved. At the same time,
like the larger indicators touched on at the beginning of this article, the
avid interest displayed signals to me something very very different -- that ever
more people, including professionals, are at long last seeing though the
psychiatric pretense, are tired of false claims, recognize the inherent human
rights violations, are disgusted by the vested interests at play, and are
hungering for a radically different, more human, more communal, and more egalitarian
approach to human distress and human conflict. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The hunger that evening was visible, was
palpable, with a wholesale rejection of psychiatry unapologetically asserting
itself. Not a single person, for instance, asked if there just might be
chemical imbalances after all or indeed posed any objection to the general
direction being articulated.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now I am well aware that strenuous
objections and deeply felt outrage will continue to emerge at future venues,
for again, such is psychiatric hegemony. The point is, nonetheless, that
evening “happened”. That is, what would have once seemed impossible “happened”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">And herein, in however minor a way, let me
suggest, we witness “the turning of the tide”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">One final thought that not only
antipsychiatry activists but also activists in other movements might want to
take away with them: As an activist, you work for a long long time seeing no
signs of change and perhaps you are tempted to throw up your hands in despair. However,
very very often something utterly profound is shifting beneath the surface. In this
regard, as peace activist Ursula Franklin always reminded us, change comes
slowly, with work beneath the surface first preparing the way. To quote Ursula
in reference to her earthworm theory of social activism “From earthworms we
learn that before anything grows, there has to be prepared soil” (see <a href="http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/ursula-franklin-canadian-scientist-and-activist-had-a-passion-for-peace/article31123033/">http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/ursula-franklin-canadian-scientist-and-activist-had-a-passion-for-peace/article31123033/</a>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">For the longest while you see no change at
all, as you doggedly go about your work of writing briefs, penning blogs, gathering
statistics, mounting demos, including ones that not a single media covers. That
is, like the earthworm, you do the work of preparing the ground, albeit
seemingly to no avail. Then as if from out of nowhere, you start to see
evidence that incredible changes have been happening all along.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Such is precisely what those of us who
squeezed into that auditorium had the privilege of witnessing that evening. And
such is the ecstasy of it all.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">[For
my speech that night, see</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqY9r4TZxBQ&t=366s"><span style="color: #0000e9;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqY9r4TZxBQ&t=366s</span></a>].</span>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-57709978801766157972016-10-13T06:06:00.000-04:002016-10-13T06:06:09.198-04:00Turning the Tables: Using the Academy in the Battle Against Psychiatry
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The impetus for this article is an exciting
new scholarship endowed in perpetuity which has just been launched at
University of Toronto. It is a “matching scholarship” in which I personally match
up to $50, 000 of contributions by other donors. Called “The Dr. Bonnie Burstow
Scholarship in Antipsychiatry”, the scholarship is to be awarded annually to a
thesis student at OISE/UT conducting antipsychiatry research. An award of this
nature is historically unprecedented, and as such, is itself something to
celebrate. It is also part of a larger phenomenon of using academia in the
battle against psychiatry. Shedding light on that larger phenomenon as well as
on the scholarship per se, such are the purposes of this article.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Why have I dubbed this article “Turning the
Tables”?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because what is involved here
is precisely taking a leaf from psychiatry’s book. In this regard, not unlike
other hegemonic disciplines, albeit far more aggressively than most, as shown
by Foucault (1963/1973) and Burstow (2015), psychiatry has long used academia
to legitimate its claims and further what it regards as “knowledge”. Not only does
academic psychiatry train people to think/act in ways that serve it, its sheer
existence serves as a primary source of legitimation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Albeit we do not have the potential to make
the same kind of inroads, let me suggest, it behooves those of us who oppose
psychiatry to likewise use academia. Herein we have the opportunity to
challenge, to educate, moreover to lend a hand to what Michel Foucault (1980) calls
“the insurrection of subjugated knowledge.” In the process, we can at once
further antipsychiatry knowledge and add to its perceived legitimacy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The rise and growing acceptance of Mad Studies
is an example which elucidates this principle (see <a href="http://www.universityaffairs.ca/features/feature-article/mad-studies/">http://www.universityaffairs.ca/features/feature-article/mad-studies/</a>).
Mad views have gained unprecedented legitimacy of late not simply because they
provide important perspectives, note, but because courses dubbed Mad History have
become a standard part of curriculum in such areas as Critical Disability
Studies in several universities. Of course, not being inherently abolitionist, Mad
Studies is, as it were, an “easier sell” than antipsychiatry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 373.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Examples of what
can realistically be done at this point—and to varying degrees some of us have
been doing this for decades—is to rigorously integrate an antipsychiatry
analysis into our classes, involve students in our antipsychiatry research, and
mount conferences in which antipsychiatry is highlighted—e.g., the historical
PsychOut conference (see <a href="http://individual.utoronto.ca/psychout/">http://individual.utoronto.ca/psychout/</a>).
Via such routes, very real reframing happens.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Some students (both ones new to antipsychiatry and old hands at it) go on
to conduct their own research into some aspect of psychiatry, thereby contributing
to this growing area of scholarship. At the same time, academia puts the stamp
of credibility on such “knowledge”, in essence, legitimates it in the public
eye.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now there are “onside” faculty who
intentionally water down their critique of psychiatry, perhaps because they have
been attacked by colleagues, as to a fair extent all of us are, perhaps out of
fear for their jobs. Given the difficulty of standing one’s ground in the face
of this particular power nexus, that is totally understandable. Let me invite such
colleagues nonetheless not to automatically to pull back, for the fight is a
vital one; we are slowly but surely winning this battle. Moreover, there are other
ways for us to protect ourselves. Which brings me to my own extensive history as
the one of the sole academics who publically identifies as an antipsychiatry
professor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Since the early 1980s, in every university
in which I have taught, I have invariably integrated an unapologetic and hard-hitting
antipsychiatry analysis into my work and in every case, the results were
positive. That is, despite some students having profound misgivings at least
initially, most students quickly found themselves intrigued.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon even those who began by dismissing my
position or declaring it “extreme” found themselves seriously entertaining
vantagepoints that would once have been unthinkable. Telling in this regard is
a student who felt she had to be in the wrong class because the perspective utterly
alarmed her. By the third class of the course, she vowed never again to set
foot in any of my classes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She proceeded
to skip the next class, pretty sure she would not come back. Not only did she
soon return and not only did she stick with this class, but she went on to take
every single course that I offered. By the same token, over the years a high
percentage of my students have ended up abandoning the concept of “mental
illness”—something initially unimaginable. Correspondingly many have become antipsychiatry
activists and researchers in their own right and gone on to influence others.
This is precisely the beauty of what can be achieved in academia.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In this respect, though it may often seem
as if no one wants the knowledge which antipsychiatry scholars/activists offer—and
on one level this is true—on another, people, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>especially the young, are virtually hungering for
a radically different vantage point. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Which brings me to the question of direct opposition—a
problem that leads many privately highly critical colleagues to “soft peddle”
their message. Of course there is opposition, just as there has always been
opposition to anything which challenges accepted orthodoxies and runs counter
to vested interests. And indeed, I have commonly encountered over-the-top opposition
myself as well as more subtle obstruction. More generally, inevitably in every
single university in which I have taught, because I am uncompromisingly antipsychiatry
and known to be so, at some point or other, there have been efforts to derail both
me and my agenda. What is significant here, however, is that none of it ever came
from students. Moreover, the opposition has been monumentally unsuccessful. Indeed,
if anything, it has but added to my credibility and detracted from the
credibility of those out to silence my analysis. The point is that academic
freedom is a principle that universities hold dear. And strange though this may
seem, it offers very real protection.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Am I in any way suggesting that faculty who
introduce new counterhegemonic knowledge are equally rewarded for their efforts
as those who replicate traditional (and inherently oppressive) “knowledge”? Not
remotely, and especially not in an area like antipsychiatry, which is at odds
with disciplinary fields which academia actively supports and whose related
industries (e.g., Big Pharma) channel substantial money into university coffers.
Am I denying that their work may be trivialized or looked down upon? Of course
not. As we all know, that commonly happens, especially to faculty who are
psychiatric survivors and known to be so.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Nor would I in any way want to minimize the very serious plight of excellent
scholars whose repeated attempts to land a permanent university job have come
to naught because of their personal history, their identity (mad, racialized,
etc.) or their antipsychiatry stance. This problem is only too real, and this
too we need to fight. Nonetheless, it is a mistake to minimize the value of academic
freedom as a safeguard. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To clarify the distinction that I am making
here, antipsychiatry faculty may be overlooked in all sorts of ways, may be
relegated to dead-end positions, may never have their work spotlighted, may even
be actively disrespected (all of which, without question, is highly serious and
is in its own way a violation of academic freedom). This notwithstanding, if
someone <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">obviously and overtly</i> tried
to interfere with a faculty member educating from an antipsychiatry perspective,
for the most part, even if unenthusiastically, the university will side with
the faculty member under attack. Why? Precisely because <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">even in the eyes of the conventionally minded</i>, such interference violates
the university’s commitment to academic freedom. The point here is that the
commitment to academic freedom has genuine substance, this, despite the ongoing
violations of the commitment. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Factor in this commitment and have your
wits about you, if your employment is relatively secure, and even in a
surprising number of cases where it is not, as an antipsychiatry academic, when
it comes to teaching as you wish, you can generally easily win most fights.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whereupon, in a very effective way, you begin
to turn the tables. Some examples from my own history:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In my first year teaching social work in a
university in western Canada (and yes, I was junior, and no, I did not remotely
have tenure), members of the psychiatry department were distressed upon
learning of a ten-minute talk which I gave in one of my classes on the circular
nature of psychiatry’s use of language. Their response was to write the head of
social work to request that psychiatric faculty be allowed to enter my
classroom and in essence teach their own perspective. The rationale given was
that this way my students would benefit from having more than one perspective.
Well aware that my freedom to teach as I wished (translation: academic freedom)
was at stake here, the head of social work handed me the letter and asked me to
respond. I wrote back stating, “In the interest of my students having access to
more than one perspective, I am more than happy to allow your faculty time in
my classes –but only if in the interest of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">your
students</i> likewise gaining additional perspective, I similarly be invited into
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">your </i>classes.” (Burstow
correspondence, November 15, 1987).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Given the ostensible “sensibleness” of my
response, given what would be seen as its “even-handedness”, realistically, only
one of two things could have happened at that point: 1) they take up the
challenge, in which case, as most of us are aware, a solid antipsychiatry critique
can beat psychiatric propaganda handily –and so I win (indeed, I win doubly for
my message has now gained access to an otherwise unreachable audience) or 2)
they decline the challenge, in which case I would have exposed their claim to
believe in multiple perspectives as a ruse, moreover, begun to demonstrate that
even in their own eyes, they cannot hold their own against an antipsychiatry
analysis—in which case once again, I win.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So what happened? The second. We never heard back from them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Another example: Shortly after I was
offered and accepted a position in social work at a university in eastern Ontario,
a credentializing body wrote the President of the university threatening that
if this offer of employment was not rescinded, the department’s social work credentialization
was in jeopardy. Once again, the attempt to block me backfired, and it did so
in part because the university would not tolerate such blatant interference
with academic freedom. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A third example: When Coalition Against
Psychiatric Assault, OISE’s Adult Education and Community Development program,
and I mounted the historic PsychOut Conference at University of Toronto, flexing
their muscles, as it were, higher-ups in the psychiatric faculty wrote the President
of the university, protesting the existence of such a conference and more
significantly, its association with University of Toronto. Similarly one faculty
member in psychology wrote, stating that the conference should be canceled in
the interests of avoiding confusion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Otherwise the psychology students who would inevitably attend, she
argued, would end up unnecessarily baffled, for they would be bombarded with
messages at odds with what they were being taught in psychology classes. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The objections were forthwith forwarded to
the OISE dean, who was asked to respond. The dean passed them onto the Chair of
my department. The chair passed the onus to respond onto me. To hone in on just
one of these, to the applause of the psychology students who began excitedly flocking
to meetings of the organizing committee responsible for planning the conference,
my response to one outraged colleague went as follows: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">In
the end, we all have to accept that it is part of academic freedom that
scholars bring different and often incompatible claims to knowledge to the
table. The hope is that students are enriched by gaining exposure to the very
different worldviews and agendas. It falls to them as intelligent human beings
and budding scholars to sort out where they themselves stand, having listened
to the different positions—and I trust in their ability to do so.” </span></i><span lang="EN-US">(letter from Burstow, April 25, 2010).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">We never heard back from the irate
colleague again. And for all intents and purposes, the Conference proceeded as
planned—except now a growing excitement had been sparked.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The point is, if handed in the manner which
Gandhi followers have dubbed “moral jiu jitsu” (see <a href="http://civilresistance.info/sites/default/files/thepowerofnonviolence0206.pdf">http://civilresistance.info/sites/default/files/thepowerofnonviolence0206.pdf</a>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">opposition to us can actually serve our own
ends of exposing and in the process winning hearts and minds. Again, a turning
of the tables.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">My encouragement to fellow academics,
accordingly, is not to make soft peddling your antipsychiatry message your
default mode. While for sure there are times when “lying low” makes sense, there
are other and generally better ways for us to protect ourselves. And never
forget that the liberal value of academic value is highly serviceable,
irrespective of the fact that we are not liberals but radicals.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">More generally, master the skill of moral
jiu jitsu necessary. Whereupon, the university becomes an important and viable
site for our antipsychiatry work—something accomplishable, note, in lectures,
in class discussions, in the framing of assignments, in the activist/survivor
speakers we are now able to bring in, in special events, in the actual norms of
our classes (e.g., one of my class norms is “no mentalistic or psychiatric
jargon”), even, as shown above, in fighting the very opposition which initially
looks like it will derail us. The point is, paradoxically, both <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">despite</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">because of</i> the elitism of the venue, and both <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">despite</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">because of</i>
the manifest opposition, there are niches in the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>academy which are potential antipsychiatry
strongholds—we have but to have courage and do the strategic work needed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Which brings us to this article’s second
objective.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A particularly fruitful way that faculty members
can use academia to both further antipsychiatry and to add to its perceived
legitimacy is to encourage, supervise, and support antipsychiatry theses. Conducting
such research affords students the opportunity to contribute in a major way to
antipsychiatry knowledge creation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now it goes without saying that such
knowledge creation will continue to happen irrespective of whether or not students
conducting such research receive awards. This notwithstanding, given the
economic straights of oh-so-many graduate students, the financial is hardly
irrelevant. Correspondingly, one added measure that antipsychiatry faculty can
take is to both nominate their antipsychiatry students for awards and help
sponsor antipsychiatry-specific awards. The latter, I would add, is particularly
important for the reality is that given the hegemony of psychiatry and the privileged
place which psychiatry holds within academia, budding young antipsychiatry
scholars have appreciably less chance of winning awards than those involved in
more traditional areas of knowledge-building. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">More generally, the very creation of one or
more antipsychiatry scholarships is a game-changer. Obviously a university
cannot have a scholarship in this area <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">without
at the same time “recognizing” the area</i>. And insofar as universities “recognize”
the area, so does <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the world at large</i>.
By the same token, while it goes without saying that we understandably all have
different priorities, anything, however little, that any of us can do to make
such scholarships a reality, irrespective of whether or not we are academics or
even particularly value academia, is an effort well spent, for it announces to
the world that antipsychiatry has legitimacy and it paves the way for ever greater
forays into it. In the process, I would add, it helps put a stop to the ongoing
harassment of antipsychiatry professors, thereby making it easier for
antipsychiatry faculty and would-be faculty to do the job that we in the movement
so desperately need them to.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Understanding all this, after a nine month
stint of negotiating with University of Toronto officials, who began
transparently uneasy with the subject matter, several years ago I arranged for
the vast majority of my estate upon my death to go into setting up huge
scholarships in this area. And it is with this understanding that likewise, with
help from allies –institutional and otherwise—I proceeded to set up the far
smaller Dr. Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry, outlined at the
beginning of this article. My thought here was that besides that the time is
ripe, this smaller scholarship could, as it were, prepare the ground for the
far larger ones that will materialize later. And a very good thing it was too
that I took this measure, for the current scholarship came close to not be
approved, and without it,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the tentative
agreement about the scholarships set up in my will would surely have been in
jeopardy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The resistance to this scholarship that inevitably
materialized, I would add, is itself an indicator of its importance. Moreover,
and what is not unrelated, the transparency of the resistance led several institutional
players whose support, while real, had begun as relatively modest—including
from within the university—to strongly come onside.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whether this was mainly because the need to
uphold academic freedom became increasingly obvious or because they noticed
that—lo and behold—they were smack in the middle of a David-and-Goliath story,
or because the very struggle itself led them to look at the substantive issues
more closely, herein once again we see a “turning of the tables”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I would add here, I thank these fellow
institutional warriors with all my heart—for you did no less than fight your
hearts out—and you did so skillfully, with integrity, and with perseverance!
What a force of nature you are!</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To end where we began—by honing in on the
current scholarship, already this scholarship initiative has a growing
momentum. Besides that several donors have already contributed to it or made
pledges, the scholarship has been endorsed by as formidable a figure as the member
of the Ontario Provincial Parliament Reverend Cheri DiNovo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Moreover it has been endorsed by absolute giants
in the field like Dr. Peter Breggin, Don Weitz, and Dr. Lauren Tenney, all of
whom are very clear about its importance. In this regard, Peter writes: </span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">I am Peter R. Breggin, MD and I am a psychiatrist. As a
professional long heralded as the conscience of psychiatry, it is my pleasure
to endorse the newly formed Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry.
Science is demonstrating that psychiatric diagnosis and drugs, electroshock,
and involuntary treatment are doing much more harm than good. We
desperately need critical scholarship aimed at stopping this epidemic of
demoralization, dehumanization, and brain damage. </span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>–Dr. Peter Breggin</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">By the same token, survivor and activist Don
Weitz writes:</span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">As a psychiatric survivor, antipsychiatry and social justice activist
for over 30 years, I strongly support the Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in
Antipsychiatry at the University of Toronto. Dr. Burstow’s recent
book Psychiatry and the Business of Madness (2015) is a masterful
work and brilliant breakthrough. I feel sure the Scholarship will attract and
empower many survivors, students, and scholars. It's time antipsychiatry
is officially and widely recognized as a legitimate and growing international
movement. This Scholarship will help make it happen. —Don Weitz.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Correspondingly, the indefatigable Lauren
Tenney writes:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US">As a psychiatric survivor and a mad
environmental social scientist/psychologist, I am honored to endorse the Bonnie
Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry. How radical! How timely! We
are so fortunate to have in Bonnie Burstow, a visionary with a commitment to
exposing psychiatry, and assisting people making their way into the field, to
not have to fight for a right to hold an antipsychiatry position. State-sponsored
organized psychiatric industries target children, women, people of color,
seniors, and people from oppressed groups. The opportunities such a scholarship
program present are enormous for the growth of research that will hold
psychiatry accountable. The important feminist, anti-racist work that can
be accomplished from an antipsychiatry framework is significant, not only for
those awarded this new scholarship, but for those working with and near those
in slated positions designed to allow people to honestly speak out about the
damages psychiatry creates. This brilliant move by Burstow is a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>game-changer that will further solidify the
growing field of antipsychiatry in North America, and around the world. If you
are able to support this effort, please do so, today. –Lauren Tenney,
PhD, MPhil, MPA, Psychiatric Survivor</span></i><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The overly generous depiction of me aside, I
am grateful for the words of these remarkable and steadfast allies. How
reassuring that they instantly recognized the significance of this moment! And
how wonderful that they have so enthusiastically become involved!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">In ending, I would invite readers who are
able and so inclined to consider also becoming involved—in any way that feels
right to you. Simply helping spread the word about the scholarship would be terrific.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Perhaps email people about it or post a
description on your website. If you are able and wish to make a financial
contribution (all donations, whatever the size, are welcome), the method is: Everyone
other than Americans, write a cheque payable to University of Toronto and send
it to Sim Kapoor at: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 252 Bloor St.
West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1V6. By contrast, Americans, make the
cheque out to: The Associates of the University of Toronto, Inc., and send it
to: Dr. Gary Kaufman, Treasurer, The Associates of the University of Toronto,
Inc., 58 West 84<sup>th</sup> St., # 2F, New York, New York, USA, 10024. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">In all cases, insert on the memo line:</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">For The Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in
Antipsychiatry</b>. And yes, with Canadians and Americans the charitable
receipt that will be duly issued can be used for tax purposes for they are
recognized respectively by Revenue Canada and US Internal Revenue. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 40.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">For more
information on the scholarship, see <a href="http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/About_OISE/Bonnie_Burstow_Scholarship.html">http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/About_OISE/Bonnie_Burstow_Scholarship.html</a>.
See also <a href="https://www.madinamerica.com/2016/10/bonnie-burstow-scholarship-antipsychiatry-campaign-launched/">https://www.madinamerica.com/2016/10/bonnie-burstow-scholarship-antipsychiatry-campaign-launched/</a>To
contribute online (an alternative route), write: <a href="https://donate.utoronto.ca/give/show/271">https://donate.utoronto.ca/give/show/271</a>.
Correspondingly, for answers to other questions that you may have, write to: burstowscholarshipcommittee@gmail.com.<u style="text-underline: #0000E9;"><span style="color: #0000e9;"></span></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 40.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 40.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Finally, one
parting invitation: For those of you who are likewise antipsychiatry, whether
you do so in relationship to this scholarship or otherwise, whether via
academia or the far larger world beyond, whether you operate in the streets, in
the classroom, on the internet, or in the boardroom, before you go to bed
tonight –and the next night, and the next—think of ways that you too can be
involved in "turning the tables" –for, make no mistake about it: Such—and
no less—is the nature of the challenge facing us.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 40.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 40.5pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">References</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 40.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: 40.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the business of madness</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: 40.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Foucault, M. (1963/1973). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
birth of the cli</i>nic. London: Tavistock.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: 40.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Foucault, M. (1980). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Power/Knowledge</i>.
New York: Pantheon.</span></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-45841750272520437592016-10-11T05:31:00.001-04:002016-10-11T05:31:20.069-04:00When It Comes to Being "Shrink-Resistant", Toronto Universities Lead the Way
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Whatever you may think about it -- and different people have
dramatically different assessments -- most Canadians are acutely aware that the
University of Toronto is a central hub for institutional psychiatry, with CAMH
(Centre for Addiction and Mental Health) being one of its most famous research
institutes as well as one of its mega teaching hospitals. Did you know,
however, that Toronto universities are likewise famous for what is transparently
the opposite -- that is, for cutting edge critiques of psychiatry? And in the
latter, let me suggest, we seekers of social justice can truly take pride.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Some history: The very first course on working with
traumatized people anywhere in the world that operates from an antipsychiatry
perspective was introduced over 15 years ago in the ever radical Adult
Education and Community Development program at Ontario Institute for Studies In
Education (OISE), University of Toronto. Called "Working with Survivors of
Trauma", it is still going strong, students scrambling every year to get
into this highly popular course. What is especially exciting about this course,
beyond that the type of engagement being upfronted is fully consensual -- an
absolute must -- the course operates <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">totally</i>
outside of psychiatric frames (e.g., no use of psychiatric diagnoses or
language). Moreover, unlike every other trauma course in the world, instead of
psychiatry being conceptualized as a "resource" for traumatized
people, it is framed as a traumatizing institution which presents a danger to them
precisely because it acts as it does, moreover, precisely because is widely
accepted as the ultimate “resource”. By the same token, just as students gain cutting
edge skills for helping traumatized peoples and communities "work
through", "expand their coping repertoire", and on a more political
level, resist, one of the skills acquired in this course is how to help traumatized
folk and communities become adept at protecting themselves <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">precisely from psychiatric and other intrusion by "professionals",
</i>irrespective of whether or not such intrusion is called "help".</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Speaking of radical reframing!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A slightly later but related development was kickstarted at Ryerson
University (located in central Toronto). At the instigation of mad history
specialist Dr. Geoffrey Reaume (now a long term faculty member at York
University), it introduced the world’s very first Mad History course. This development,
I would add, occurred shortly after Reaume had proposed just such a course to
University of Toronto, only to find it rejected offhand -- and in this, U of
T's lack of foresight is evident. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The inclusion of this course in Ryerson was quickly followed
by the introduction of a Mad History course in Disability Studies at York
University (also located in Toronto), again courtesy of Dr. Geoffrey Reaume. Soon
with the aid of scholars like Reaume (York University), David Reville
(Ryerson), and Dr. Jennifer Poole (Ryerson), Mad Studies became a highly recognized
academic area in Canada. And before long Mad History and Mad Studies courses more
generally spread to Wales, Scotland, the Netherlands, and other parts of the
world (see </span><a href="http://www.universityaffairs.ca/features/feature-article/mad-studies/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://www.universityaffairs.ca/features/feature-article/mad-studies/</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">).
It remains at the same time a Canadian stronghold, as seen by the appearance of
such stellar Mad Studies tomes as Brenda LeFrançois, Robert Menzies, and
Geoffrey Reaume (2013).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">What is exciting about such courses and areas is that the
perspectives explored are not those of professionals but rather those of folk deemed
mad. Herein we have what philosopher Michel Foucault (1980) so aptly calls “the
insurrection of subjugated knowledge”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A further Toronto university breakthrough: In 2010 in
cooperation with leading antipsychiatry group Coalition Against Psychiatric
Assault, Adult Education and Community Development at OISE/UT mounted the historic
PsychOut Conference (see </span><a href="http://ocs.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/psychout/index/index"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://ocs.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/psychout/index/index</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">).
This was the first conference ever whose focus was strategic resistance to
psychiatry. Widely attended, it culminated in printed proceedings (see </span><a href="http://individual.utoronto.ca/psychout/papers/lehmann.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://individual.utoronto.ca/psychout/papers/lehmann.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">It likewise inspired Bonnie Burstow's, Brenda LeFrançois's,
and Shaindl Diamond's (2014) book on the subversive art of crafting resistance
to psychiatry.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Yet a further development of note happened in 2014 -- again
at University of Toronto. People came from far and wide to OISE/UT to take a
series of workshops on how to use a radical approach to research called
“Institutional Ethnography” to investigate aspects of psychiatry. The purpose
of the workshops was nothing less than to help attendees learn how to trace seemingly
individual personal problems to the workings of institutional psychiatry, together
with the power conglomerates of which it is a part. The upshot of these
workshops were the formation of research teams. Composed of psychiatric
survivors, academics, and activists, the teams proceeded to employ this radical
methodology to investigate hitherto relatively unexplored nooks and crannies of
psychiatry. The product is the soon-to-be-released book “Psychiatry
Interrogated” (see </span><a href="http://www.springer.com/fr/book/9783319411736"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://www.springer.com/fr/book/9783319411736</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And then there is the pièce de la résistance -- which it has
been my pleasure to be integral to.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">But days ago -- so this news is “hot off the press” -- yet
another important breakthrough materialized, once again at OISE, University of
Toronto. For the first time anywhere in the world an antipsychiatry scholarship
was set up. Known as the Dr. Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry, it
is a matching scholarship in which I am slated to match up to $50,000 dollars
in donations from others. And it will be awarded annually in perpetuity to OISE
students doing theses in the area of antipsychiatry. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">To understand the significance of this scholarship, witness
these words by leading psychiatrist/psychiatric critic Dr. Peter Breggin:</span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">I am Peter R.
Breggin, MD and I am a psychiatrist. As a professional long heralded as
the conscience of psychiatry, it is my pleasure to endorse the newly formed
Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry. Science is demonstrating that
psychiatric diagnosis and drugs, electroshock, and involuntary treatment are doing
much more harm than good. We desperately need critical scholarship aimed
at stopping this epidemic of demoralization, dehumanization, and brain
damage. </span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Likewise backing the scholarship, in her written endorsement,
Ontario MPP Reverend Cheri DiNovo draws attention to the scholarship's long-run
potential to help address inequities faced by psychiatric survivors.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zeroing in more pointedly on the social movement dimension, Toronto
activist extraordinaire Don Weitz explains the significance of the scholarship
thusly, “</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">It's time antipsychiatry is officially and widely recognized as a
legitimate and growing international movement. This Scholarship will help make
it happen.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Correspondingly, survivor/activist/academic Dr. Lauren Tenney pinpoints
with rigour multiple ways in which the scholarship is significant, bringing in
intersectionality in the process, elegantly asserting: </span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">How radical! How timely! We are so fortunate to have [here],
a visionary with a commitment to exposing psychiatry, and assisting people
making their way into the field, to not have to fight for a right to hold an
antipsychiatry position. State-sponsored organized psychiatric industries
target children, women, people of color, seniors, and people from oppressed
groups</span>. </i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
opportunities such a scholarship program presents are enormous for the growth
of research that will hold psychiatry accountable. The important feminist,
anti-racist work that can be accomplished from an antipsychiatry framework is
significant, not only for those awarded this new scholarship, but for those
working with and near those in slated positions designed to allow people to
honestly speak out about the damages psychiatry creates. This brilliant move by
Burstow is a game-changer that will further solidify the growing field of
antipsychiatry in North America, and around the world. If you are able to
support this effort, please do so, today. -- Lauren Tenney, PhD, MPhil,
MPA, Psychiatric Survivor.</span></i></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">As these endorsers are well aware, as the scholars involved in every
one of the cutting edge endeavors outlined in this article too are aware, as
the throng of students benefiting from such developments are likewise aware, it
is precisely in breakthroughs such as these that we see universities at their
best -- not acting as the regimes of ruling (which they unquestionably are) but
daring to step away from vested interests to promote truly liberatory
scholarship. Not that any of this happened without struggle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Insofar as we have such breakthroughs, it is because radical scholars itching
for universities to be real sites of liberating education pushed and keep on
pushing against the conservativism and the inherent intransigence in
universities. May the struggle continue!</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hopefully, we will see many more such developments not only
at Toronto universities -- but at sites of learning throughout this nation and beyond.
My own personal wish list for the near future is; the public mounting of hard-hitting
debates on the timely subject of psychiatry; the creation of departments of Antipsychiatry
and Mad Studies, and last but hardly least, the integration of antipsychiatry
into such currently (and woefully) psychiatry-dominated fields as psychology
and social work (for a discussion of psychiatry's wholesale colonization of
psychology and social work in North America, see Bonnie Burstow, 2015).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Correspondingly, I look to the day when every university will
consider their mission of advancing social justice and radical scholarship at
least somewhat incomplete without creating a space for demystifying psychiatry,
for promoting mad voices and "mad literacy", and for the
co-development of antipsychiatry strategies. Can you imagine how society might
change if our universities truly prioritized pedagogies of the oppressed in
such ways? By the same token, can you imagine what would happen if a good part
of the populace got behind such a transition? -- a vital question that I put to
the reader, for despite how impressive are the inroads made to date, without abundant
and radical community involvement, universities will only change so far. Or to
phrase this positively, we get what we <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">make
happen</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">That said, to end by highlighting the
scholarship at hand, for those wanting to learn more about this exciting new development
and/or eager to become part of what Tenney has so aptly dubbed this game-changing"
move, this history-in-the-making, go here (</span><a href="http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/About_OISE/Bonnie_Burstow_Scholarship.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/About_OISE/Bonnie_Burstow_Scholarship.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">).
For queries that you might have, write: burstowscholarshipcommitee@gmail.com.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">References</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Burstow,
B. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry and the business of
madness.</i> New York: Macmillan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Burstow,
B., LeFrançois, B, and Diamond, S. (Eds). (2014). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry disrupted</i>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Foucault,
M. (1980). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Power/Knowledge</i>. New York:
Pantheon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">LeFrançois,
B., Menzies, R., and Reaume, G. (Eds.) (2013). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mad matters</i>. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press.</span></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-76362020058378348822016-10-08T14:53:00.002-04:002016-10-08T14:55:32.716-04:00The Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in AntipsychiatryAfter a seven and a half year struggle to make something like this happen--terrific news--a scholarship in antipsychiatry has just been established at University of Toronto--a wonderful breakthrough for besides that this area is of monumental importance, there are no such scholarships anywhere else. The scholarship is available to thesis students at Ontario Institute in Studies in Education at University of Toronto conducting antipsychiatry inquiry. For details on the award, including its significance and how to get involved, see <a href="http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/About_OISE/Bonnie_Burstow_Scholarship.html">http://www.oise.utoronto.ca/oise/About_OISE/Bonnie_Burstow_Scholarship.html</a><br />
<br />
<br />bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-43235679296745650192016-07-16T08:47:00.004-04:002016-07-16T08:47:41.455-04:00“Invisible” Resistance: Taking Charge in the Face of Difficulty and Institutional Rule
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The context in which this article is penned
is rule by institutions which are functions of the state, in particular those
deemed services; the ways in which these interconnect to create a veritable
trap; contrary to current hegemony, the ease with which they can substantially
harm those that they “serve”. Pivotal in this article is the “mental health
system” and the psychiatric dangers that it presents (for an extensive
demonstration that psychiatry intrinsically harms and lacks validity, see
Burstow, 2015). Likewise figuring prominently are the educational system and
the social services—which, despite their comparative validity are themselves centralized
sites of social control, and as such, also wreak havoc in people’s lives.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">At the centre of the discussion are two
stories, each involving individuals competently attending to their own needs
and/or the needs of their loved ones precisely by keeping one or more of these
institutions at bay. These particular stories were chosen because of my intricate
knowledge of each, also because of the contrast between them (they take place
in very different eras, and very different modes of resistance are involved). Questions
explored with respect to them include: What problems do the stories bring to
light? Would the complications encountered in the first story have been better or
worse if some semblance of these events played out today? What attitude do they
suggest that we should take to the various apparatuses of the state? What do
they tell us about resistance? And insofar as the solutions arrived at by the
central protagonists might be thought of as instructive, what do they alert us
to, open up as possibilities, or prefigure?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Story
One:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ottawa, 1950s.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A younger me is the central protagonist of
this story, age 12-13. My family had just moved from Winnipeg Manitoba to
Ottawa Ontario, and both in Ottawa itself and in the new school that I attended
I found myself encountering a level of anti-Semitism which I had not previously
experienced. Badly thrown, for better or for worse, I did not share these conundrums
with my folks for my dad had just suffered a major heart attack and parents were
in such dire financial distress that it is all they could do to put food on the
table. What I did is stop going to school. A truant officer was summarily dispatched
to our flat to drag me to school. Eyeing this menacing looking figure approaching
the door, I locked it, whereupon he yelled, “If you know what’s good for you,
you’ll unlock the door <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pronto</i>.” As I
did not respond, he eventually departed. This left the school in a tricky
position for what was happening here blatantly broke the rules. What was their solution
to this interference with standard operations? To insist that I must be “mentally
ill” and force me to see a psychiatrist – a framing which “solved” their
immediate problem.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">For the next year and a half, I saw a
psychiatrist thrice a week. He began by administering an ink blot test, then
asking follow-up questions. Whence began an extended conversation, which in no
way touched on any of my conundrums. Now one day I inquired what would happen
to me when I was out of answers to his queries. He never responded, from which
I surmised that my safest course of action was to keep the conversation going. Now
I did indeed wonder whether or not I might be “mentally ill”, as almost
everyone beset by psychiatry does—for we are primed to do so. However, he soon
made a critical error that signaled to me that he had not a clue what he was
doing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He told my folks and the school
authorities that it was okay that I had left school for I had not the
intelligence to pass out of grade 7. Well aware that I had just heard something
preposterous, I made my own assessment of the assessor and his tools, and I continued
to bide my time. Meanwhile, knowing that I would be seriously disadvantaged in
life with nothing but a grade 6 education, I took a part-time job at the
National Art Gallery of Canada—and I stayed alert to whatever “possibilities”
arose.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">One day my family announced that we would be
moving back to Manitoba, more particularly, to the small northern town of Churchill—for
my dad had landed a job there. Here was my moment! I intuitively knew that whatever
anti-Semitism awaited me there would be in a range that I could handle. I
immediately told my parents that I wished to return to school. They nodded. Taking
a deep breath, I continued, “but I don't want to go back to grade 7. How about
if I go to the grade I would’ve been in at this juncture had none of this ever
happened –y’know, grade 9.” Without soliciting any further explanation, again my
parents nodded. The question, however, was how to pull off a coup of this
proportion given that no school would knowingly permit such a major violation
of their rules. Indeed, as we were all aware, such a request would not even “compute”.
My father’s brow knit as if he were lost in thought. Then he responded, “I'll
assure them that you passed out of grades 7 and 8 and that I have sent for the
records and they simply have not yet arrived.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">My parents looked at me, knowing that I was
the weak link for I had (and yes, still have) a passion for truth. I also knew
that we were up against an unbending power and this was a critical moment–for
here was my opportunity to get my life back on track. So I took a deep breath,
then returned their nod. And without a word from anyone, the die was cast.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">We moved. I spent the summer hitting the
books so that I could handle grade 9. Then the school year commenced.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">For the next several months, my father stalled
the principal, who kept calling to inquire about my records from Ottawa. Come
the end of the first term, I took the interim exams and came in top of my
class. Then circumstances landed us in Winnipeg, where I subsequently took the
departmental exams. The successful completion of the departmental exams meant that
I could now “officially” enter grade 10.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I continued on, completed high school, attended
a number of different universities, where I acquired four different degrees,
included a doctorate, and received numerous awards (e.g., the Russell Gold
Medal in Philosophy). Then I resumed teaching in universities (which I had
begun after my first masters). In the fullness of time, I became a world famous
scholar who had published extensively. All this, by a person, note, “officially”
without sufficient intelligence to pass out of grade 7.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Discussion
of Story One </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Students being forced to deal with
pernicious racialization is a common plight in schools. As a 12 year old who
was thrown by a level of it that I had not previously witnessed, I dealt with
it as best as I could. Clearly, the solution itself was less than ideal. At the
same time, getting distance from the daily assault on my dignity was a
reasonable course of action given that there was nothing in the system which
even allowed for the possibility of such difficulties existing. Hence the
decision to absent myself (the first act of resistance). Once I acted on this
decision, two of arms of the state—the educational system and psychiatry—entered
in to rectify a breach of their rules that could only be conceptualized institutionally
as something over which they needed to reassert control. I was now trapped at
least seemingly between two unacceptable outcomes—being dragged back into an
oppressive learning environment or falling prey to psychiatry.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To the best of my ability I proceeded to
keep <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">both</i> institutions at bay. I kept
the school system at bay by going along with their insistence that I see a
psychiatrist. And I kept psychiatry at bay in essence by engaging in a kind of
mindless chatter that might best be characterized as stalling. Anguished though
I was, the task which I set myself was competently performed, in other words,
and the tactic was successful. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Likewise competently exercised and sensible
was the decision to return to school once I had reason to believe that I would
be entering a safer environment. By the same token the decision made by my
entire family—for me to skip two grades and for us all to lie to the principal—also
made sense. Lest it strike you otherwise, let me invite you for a moment to
consider the alternative: Had we played by the rules, not only would I have
been unnecessarily stuck in a class with students two years younger, having
received the relevant documents from Ottawa, instead of approaching me as a bright
and promising student, the school officials would have instantly turned to
pathologizing. And indeed we were all of us acutely aware of this, and as such,
our response constitutes “critically aware resistance”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Herein, let me suggest, the fact that we
were working class served the family well. The point here is that working class
families, like most other oppressed groups, harbour an inherent distrust of the
establishment, have a standpoint which, while hardly foolproof, uniquely
positions us to see through the official line. What we understood, quite
simply, is that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">the system is not our
friend</i>. And what is mere dishonesty in one situation is self-protection in
another. Not that sheer luck did not likewise come to our aid.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">That said, to return to the various
institutions themselves, what was wrong with what each one did—beginning with
the educational system? Besides that the educational system allowed an
atmosphere of anti-Semitism to flourish in the first place, it activated
institutional responses which were ill advised, insensitive, and punitive. And
capturing even themselves up by their rules, they turned a situation which
called for listening, respect, and creative problem-solving into one which
allowed for only two possible interpretations and two possible courses of
action—both of them injurious—EITHER the child was “derelict” and therefore
should be manhandled into returning to school OR the child was “mentally ill”
and therefore should be forced into the psychiatric system. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What did psychiatry in turn do wrong? It
uncritically accepted its role as the correct handler of the situation. It
failed to share information. It prioritized its own dubious tools over human
relating. Correspondingly, as an agent of the state, the psychiatrist proceeded
to come up with an assessment that not only made no sense but was transparently
political. The point is if “the child” was both “mentally ill” and “intellectually
incapable”, the broken rules became far less of a problem for the other arm of
the state—the school. Moreover, psychiatry’s “owning” of the situation was
guaranteed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now as it happens, only two arms of the
state <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">directly</i> figure in this saga,
and in both cases, significantly, contrary to their own sense of themselves,
they were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">problem-creators</i>, not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">problem-solvers</i>. Nonetheless another arm
of the state might easily have entered in, and had it done so, it too would
have been a problem-creator. To wit: What if the family had been less skillful
in pulling off this ruse and the deception and collusion became evident? In
accordance with the boss texts which determine its operation, the school would
have been obliged to call in Child and Family Services. Expertly applying their
own texts, the Child and Family Services officials, in turn, would have “determined”
that the welfare of the child was at stake, that the parents were badly
negligent at the bare minimum, and that the removal of the child from the home
was mandatory. At which point, “the child” would not only have lost her home,
her foundation, and her one true ally but in all likelihood, would once again
have been facing the danger of the psychiatric system (theorized as help).
Moreover, the family as a whole would suffer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now it might be argued that this happened eons
ago and things would have played out in a better way today. Let me suggest,
however, that racialization in schools remains a fact.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, if we assume even a vaguely similar
beginning and a vaguely similar set of circumstances, the outcome today would be
every bit as bad and arguably considerably worse. How so?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">There is now a far closer relationship
between the educational system and the psychiatric system. Moreover, there has
not only been a “drug revolution” but a specific honing in on the child market
(see Whitaker, 2010 and Burstow 2015). Ergo, “the child” would almost certainly
have ended up on psychiatric drugs, with all the brain-damage which this
entails—a course of action that would have likely commenced the moment that she
stopped attending class.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Nor would the escape route that opened up later
exist. The point is, unlike in 1950s, subterfuge of that particular nature is
impossible under the current circumstances for the problematic records would
follow the child electronically wherever she went. Moreover, even were it
possible, were the subterfuge ever discovered, not only would the social
services still remove the child (see <a href="http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/c080e.php">http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/c080e.php</a>),
and not only would psychiatry similarly summarily be called in, the psychiatry
called in would be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">modern psychiatry</i>
–that is, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">one duly armed with toxic drugs</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Story
Two: Toronto, Current Times</span></b><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The major protagonists in this story are: a
woman whose husband had recently died (pseudonym: Nel), her children, and her
mother-in-law (pseudonym: Lisa). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A year ago, as a well known antipsychiatry therapist
whose opinion she respected, Lisa called me to solicit my advice about how to
help her daughter-in-law. The backstory? Nel was overwhelmed, was having
enormous trouble coping. And she would every so often start screaming at her
children. The children in turn were frightened of their mother. What had Lisa already
done with respect to her family? Something remarkable. She had supported both
the children and their mother. She had also begun advocating on Lisa’s behalf,
arranging for nonintrusive counseling and stopping psychiatry’s relentless attempt
to push psychiatric drugs on Nel. Having been asked what she might do now, I naturally
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>applauded Lisa’s efforts to date and urged
her to continue on in the same vein. I likewise suggested that she spend as
much time as possible listening to Nel, helping her mourn, and brainstorming
solutions with her (and I gave her ideas how to do this), that she support the
children similarly, that she provide the children with a place to which to retreat,
as needed, moreover, that she encourage the family to hold meetings where
everyone discussed the problems in the family and explored ways to support one
another.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What next I heard from Lisa, besides having
enacted all my suggestions, she had also in effect taught her family all that I
had taught her. Additionally, she had masterminded an agreement whereby when Nel
was having a bad day, she would shut herself in her room to spare the children,
and on the children’s side, they would let their mom know that they needed to
take off now and would return when “the storm had blown over.” Which they all accomplished
without involving authorities and without incident.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What happened in the fullness of time? The
pain, needless to say, did not disappear. Nonetheless, Nel began getting
control over her life. The family became good at handling its problems
together. The children ceased being afraid, confident that they were loved, knowing,
moreover, that everything could be discussed and everything handled
together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Correspondingly, the family unit
stayed in tact.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Discussion
of Story Two</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The institutions involved here or which
threatened to become so are two of the very ones that figured so prominently in
the first story. However, a very different dynamic played out, with the institutions
totally kept in line—with one, additionally, drawn on as needed—and by someone
with a keen sense of how to advocate. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">That psychiatry posed an imminent threat to
Nel is transparently obvious. Lisa's calm and effective resistance, however, prevented
anything untoward from happening. What Lisa did is gently but persistently block
the intrusion at hand and successfully lobby instead for the provision of
empathic psychological counseling while reassuring everyone by her steady ongoing
involvement. By the same token, once again we have a situation in which Child
and Family Services would normally have been called in, and had this happened,
once again, in all likelihood the children would have been removed—and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">everyone </i>thereby harmed. The persistent,
skillful, and loving help which Lisa provided prevented this from happening, moreover
turned the entire situation around, leaving all family members and the family
as a whole in a far better place.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What particularly strikes me about this
story, I would add, is how incredibly better Lisa responded than oh-so-many mothers-in-law
would. The point is that a situation like this in a patriarchal culture is a
setup for a mother-in-law in grieving and who is naturally worried about her
grandchildren to fall into pathologizing and/or vilifying her daughter-in-law, perhaps
even encouraging social services to remove the children, placing them in her custody
instead. This might or might not be accompanied by her urging that the
daughter-in-law be “afforded” psychiatric “care”. How wonderful that Lisa was so
clear-sighted and giving that instead of sacrificing the daughter-in-law, she safeguarded
her, while helping the entire family.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In so doing, I would add, she prefigured
how families and community members might handle problems in the better type of society
that I would like to see us build (for details, see Burstow, 2015, Chapter
Nine). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US">Summation/Conclusions/Suggestions</span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This article has laid bare a number of the intricate,
insidious, and profound ways that institutions which are arms of the state individually
and collectively control people, in the process substantially injuring and/or
endangering them. It likewise has made visible everyday acts of skilled
resistance. Correspondingly, it has demonstrated the utter necessity of such
resistance. Had I chosen stories involving other institutions, I would suggest,
as long as psychiatry or the criminal justice system were one of them—and to an
appreciable degree, even were they not—similar dynamics would have materialized.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The primary lessons to be gleaned from the
forgoing are: While for sure there are times when certain institutions serve
us, we can ill afford to simply place our faith in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">any</i> institution, much less any institution embedded in the state, this,
note, despite the fact that society “dictates” otherwise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We need to be aware of the connections
between all major social institutions, to see how they can work together to the
enormous disadvantage of human beings caught up by them. We need to prioritize <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">people over institutions</i>. We need to
keep our eyes peeled for instances when resistance is in order. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">And </i>we need to know <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">how to resist</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In ending, some concrete recommendations
that readers might consider: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Nurture a healthy skepticism
about all the arms of the state, including, and perhaps especially, ones
theorized as “help”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Albeit it may well be that
psychiatry (and I would personally add others) is the sole arm of the state <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">totally</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lacking in validity</i>, be aware that an analysis restricted to psychiatry
is insufficient. Safety lies in having an analysis of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">all</i> regimes of ruling, having a sense of how they interconnect, and
acting accordingly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Get into the practice of noticing
how power operates.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Step back from the worldview
created by regimes of ruling so that you are in a position to truly assess both
what is happening and what the institution or the institutional network is
likely to do. A good beginning is distancing yourself from their discourses (see
Burstow, 2013).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Touch base with and respect
your own knowledge and that of your community—for irrespective of how the
institutions may frame things, you surely do have knowledge. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Take note of the institutions currently
governing your actions or those of your loved ones and/or community, with an
eye to determining what problems might arise, what steps you can predict, and
how, if necessary, you might work around them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Observe how seemingly separate
institutions connect together in ways which entrap individuals. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Study not only the routine operation
of institutions but the permutations that occur when they connect with
racialized communities, with women, with the very young, with the very old, with
the disabled, with the LGBTQ community.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Remember that “experts” and
their “knowledge” are themselves institutional products. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Be willing to reach out as
helpful; be equally willing to keep your own counsel as necessary.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Negotiate and advocate where
helpful.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">When facing the power,
contradictions, and circular reasoning of institutions, be prepared to sabotage
and to do so skillfully.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Study resistance strategies,
investigating <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">what works</i> and under <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">what circumstances</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Try to navigate life in ways
that maximize the likelihood that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">everyone’s</i>
welfare is safeguarded, community is supported, and a decentering of power
occurs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Finally, never forget that children are far
more resourceful than adults realize, moreover, while they may be at a loss to
explain themselves, they have unique insight into their own needs. Correspondingly,
if you find yourself dismissing their behavior as misguided, as simply bad, or
worse yet, as evidence of a fictitious disease like “oppositional defiance
disorder”, reach back to the time when you were a kid—then think again!!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-US">References</span></u></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the Business of Madness</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2013).</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "New Century Schlbk","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "New Century Schlbk";">
</span><span lang="EN-US">A Rose by any Other Name. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mad Matters</i>. ed. Brenda Lefrançois, Robert Menzies, and Geoffrey
Reaume. Toronto: Canadian Scholars Press, pp. 79-93.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Whitaker,
R. (2010). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Anatomy of an epidemic</i>.
New York: Broadway Paperbacks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-11838617790818632842016-04-26T09:49:00.000-04:002016-04-26T09:49:02.488-04:00The Liberals’ Assisted Dying Bill: Reflections on a Cop-Out
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">When it comes to the issue of assisted
dying, there is fresh pain and understandable outrage in the country right now
because, as most readers are aware, a bill was recently tabled in parliament
that, as it were, pulls the proverbial rug out from under the feet of a huge constituency
who have been counting on something better. "It’s mean," states Linda
Jarrett. "There’s going to be a lot of unnecessary suffering," objects
Rachel Phan (<a href="http://www.dyingwithdignity.ca/advocates_speak_out_against_new_legislation">http://www.dyingwithdignity.ca/advocates_speak_out_against_new_legislation</a>).
Correspondingly, a huge anti-bill lobbying effort has mobilized. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What in a nutshell has happened? The
prelude is—and a highly welcome prelude it was—after years of activist struggle—the
Supreme Court declared Canada’s criminalization of assisted suicide
unconstitutional and it unequivocally stipulated that legislation must be
passed whereby people with severe and irreversible agony, should they
competently so choose, could receive assistance from doctors to end their lives
(Carter vs. Canada). Enter the Liberal government, who sounded like they would
comply. Now to their credit, they indeed did introduce assisted dying
legislation. However, what they have tabled -- Bill C-14 -- falls seriously
short of the Supreme Court ruling. Ergo, the stunned outrage.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What is wrong with the bill? And what can
we do about about it?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The problems largely arise from the
restrictive nature of the conditions that have to be satisfied. The most
worrisome of these is spelt out in section 241.2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(2d).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Earlier sections specify that the person must be capable, have requested
the service, have given informed consent (all unproblematic), be at least 18 (please
put a marker here), be eligible for Canadian health services, and have "a
grievous and irremediable medical condition". [241. 2 (2c)] Then comes
241.2 (2d), which stipulates that the condition must be so advanced that "their
natural death has become reasonably foreseeable."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Note the vagueness in the stipulation
above. Just what is meant by "reasonably foreseeable"?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And exactly how advanced and close to "natural
death" must a person be? Question: Would an ALS sufferer who is told that
she probably has only 6 months to live qualify? Would the stalwart Sue
Rodriguez qualify -- the woman, after all, most responsible for helping
Canadians begin to seriously grapple with these issues? And if not, should that
not worry us? And if no one knows for sure whether or not they would qualify,
should not that likewise worry us?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Worse than the lack of clarity, much like American
legislation in this area (for an overview of relevant American legislation, see
Stefan, 2016), the bill is intrinsically connected to the concept of imminent
death. To qualify for assisted suicide, according to this bill, the person must
be close to death—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">this, despite a Supreme
Court ruling that made no such stipulation</i>. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Herein we find a blatant contravention of
the Supreme Court ruling for the assistance available was not to be restricted
to people whose death is imminent or even those whose malady is terminal -- no
minor difference. In the very process of veering from the Supreme Court ruling,
moreover, the bill disqualifies a huge number of people, leaving them without the
assistance which they may desperately need. Note in this regard, not all horrid
suffering is connected with imminent death or indeed with terminal conditions
at all -- a reality which does not make the suffering in question an iota less
severe or the person less in need of relief. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">On top of which, the bill in essence makes
the relief unavailable <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">at any time</i>
for people with certain conditions, given the double binds created by the
combination of restrictions. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Take the person in early stage dementia. At
this early juncture, they would not qualify (despite having a serious and grievously
deteriorating condition) for they are not yet near death. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And so they must wait. Eventually they will
indeed satisfy condition "d"—for death will be "foreseeable".
However, by the time they satisfied that criterion, they would no longer be
able to satisfy the competence criterion. Which in short means: People
suffering from one of the most humiliatingly debilitating conditions with which
anyone is ever afflicted -- a condition that may rob them fundamentally of who
they are -- are in effect totally excluded from exercising even the highly
limited rights which that statute makes available to other Canadians. Which
makes the bill inherently discriminatory, and indeed, frighteningly so.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This is not equality. This is not adequate.
This is not the compassion and the dignity that we owe Canadians in difficulty.
Ergo, the Liberals should seriously amend the bill, which amendments should
include but not be limited to removing both the "foreseeable death" and
the terminal criteria and allowing for advanced directives. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">My invitation to Canadians is to urgently
push the Liberals to do just that. Sign petitions; contact your member of
parliament; talk to senators; let them know that we expect more from them; and urge
them to vote against the bill unless the necessary changes are made. And if all
this fails, gear up for a Supreme Court challenge.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">That noted, to date, I have focused on
problems with this bill that have already received considerable attention. Well
and good. However, I cannot in good conscience end this article without drawing
attention to various other problematic features -- ones of special significance
to people who are likewise being shortchanged by this bill yet who are but seldom
mentioned by commentators. The point here is that there is a not-so-hidden
dividing line between people that the average Canadian is comfortable seeing
included in such legislation and ones that the average Canadian is not -- and
unless we actively grapple with the latter, fairness is unlikely to
prevail.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To begin with psychiatric survivors, here
we see yet another very clear violation, for the Supreme Court stipulated that
mental anguish was to qualify. Moreover, the parliamentary committee established
to advise on this bill specifically stated that "mental illness" should
qualify. The recognition evident here is that this suffering too can be grievous
and it too can prove to be irremediable. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Question: Why has this deviation not been
taken up by the public with equal fervor that others have? Quite simply because
the average citizen is uncomfortable with psychiatric survivors and their
misery qualifying. Understandable, perhaps, but let us look at the issue more carefully.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now it goes without saying that like
everyone else, there are psychiatric survivors leading lives of meaning to them
-- and thankfully, this is the vast majority. And like everyone else, there are
survivors who do not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of the latter,
some opt to kill themselves, and as with everyone else, in many of these
instances, such a decision seems premature to most, and regardless, the
condition in question fails to meets the threshold of irremediable. There are survivors,
nonetheless, who have struggled for decades, who have tried one measure after
another, and whose agony has only grown worse -- in some cases exponentially so
-- survivors, moreover, who have made a clear and measured decision to die. Are
they to remain either trapped or forced to die alone? Moreover, in response to
readers who are certain that exclusion is in order, whether because they
believe that a termination-of-life decision by a member of this population is
likely to be a product of their "mental disorder" (a concept and a
conviction, note, unsupported by the evidence) or for any other reason, I would
ask this: Given that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">identical </i>safeguards
would apply, given, for instance, that psychiatric survivors seeking physician-assisted
dying would also have to be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">competent </i>to
make the decision in question, given they too would have to wait the requisite
period of time to ensure that the decision is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not in any way impulsive</i>, and given that the condition would have
to be seen as advanced and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">irremediable</i>,
is not denying this population what we allow other Canadians tantamount to
discrimination? And is that truly what we want this country to stand for?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Herein, let me suggest, our biases get in
our way. Moreover, our sense of compassion and responsibility toward people we see
as vulnerable badly skews our judgment. The point is that while vulnerability is
a reason for making extra help available, it is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i> a reason to deprive people of their rights (albeit we
habitually act as if it is). And robbing people of their rights is ultimately neither
the compassionate nor the responsible thing to do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Finally, to end with the age restriction,
the Supreme Court was clear that "mature minors" should also have
access to assisted dying services -- and yet this bill manifestly excludes
them. Now I doubt that anyone would disagree that extra safeguards are in order
here. For example, there may be reason to look into issues of neglect or of
undue influence. That is different, however, than the across-the-board
exclusion found in this bill. Once again, irrespective of intention, this smacks
of discrimination. And here once again, paradoxically, our desire to protect
the vulnerable gets in our way and in effect leads us to shortchange and to violate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In ending, I invite readers to grapple with
these issues. While without question, we need safeguards and criteria -- and
most of the ones already stipulated make perfect sense -- and while without
question, we must ensure that such measures are never used as an excuse for
cutting back on services for people who in any way want help to live, cannot we
not be less restrictive? More compassionate? More respectful? And what better
time than now when legislation is on the table and the Supreme Court has
provided the requisite signal? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">References</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; text-indent: -13.5pt;">
<span lang="EN-US">Stefan, S. (2016). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rational
suicide, irrational laws</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</span></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-6297714427245564022016-04-25T07:15:00.000-04:002016-04-25T07:15:00.953-04:00A “Hot-Potato” Topic and a “Rational” Book: Burstow Reviews: Rational Suicide, Irrational Laws
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This year Oxford University Press and renowned
scholar Susan Stefan (2016) released a very thoughtful book on one of the most controversial
subjects with which any tome could ever deal—the question of suicide and the
laws and public policies surrounding it. A long book of 540 pages, it is called
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rational Suicide, Irrational Laws.</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This is without question an excellent book.
It is highly comprehensive, including an examination of a vast number of related
laws and issues. While focusing on the US, it has international scope and provides
a critical overview, for example, of assisted suicide laws throughout the
world. It explores the criminalization and decriminalization of suicide. It analyzes
laws by which “mental health” professionals and organizations are held
accountable or “liable”. It exposes horrific contradictions in how laws are
applied, particularly problematizing the assumption that people who kill
themselves are suffering from a “mental illness” which makes them “legally
incapable”, also the legal contradiction of mental health professionals deeming
people capable when they go along with the professionals’ wishes while
assessing these very same people as incapable otherwise. It weaves throughout real
cases and the plight of very real people. Moreover, the underlying research includes
at once depth analyses of statutes and legal journeys, and personal interviews
with a large number of different folk, including health professionals, and what
is especially gratifying, including people who have tried to kill themselves—a
group arguably with the most relevant expertize and yet one which recognized “experts”
on the topic characteristically sideline. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Finally, it is at once a compassionate and
an intelligent book, written by a researcher who listens intently and who is
trying to do justice to a complex issue about which she deeply cares. All of
which is obvious right from the introductory remarks.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">As the title of the book suggests, the
story which Stefan tells and the analysis proffered is largely one of “rational”
suicide and “irrational” laws and processes. Positions arrived at/articulated
include: The state has an interest in preserving life and as such, a balance
between the interests of the state and those of the person need to be struck.
The vast majority of people who opt to end their life, including psychiatric
survivors, have the legal capacity to make this choice and should be treated
accordingly. The state should be getting rid of suicide magnets such a bridges
with no barriers and should require the safe lockup of personal firearms. We
should be moving away from an emphasis on detection and the immediate stopping
of suicide to addressing the systemic issues that incline people toward suicide.
A full range of help options should be made available to people, including safe
houses, peer counseling, even long term 24 hour wrap-around services. While
there are some who are “suicidal” for whom short term involuntary confinement
is necessary given their lack of capacity, contends Stefan, in most cases, this
is not so. It is critical that people who are considering killing themselves be
able to talk about it freely—without the threat of being apprehended (an outcome
traumatizing in itself and which increases the likelihood of suicide). What
goes along with, so that professionals are not predisposed to avoid the topic
of suicide or call 911, laws should be changed making “mental health
professionals” not liable for the suicide of their non-committed clients.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Assisted suicide should be legal, Stefan
goes on to state, but only if a number of stringent conditions are met,
including the existence of capacity, the fact of having no more than 6 months
to live, and having considered one’s options carefully. Correspondingly, she makes
a sharp distinction between “assisted suicide” and “euthanasia” and regardless
of whether or not euthanasia is actively solicited by the capable person themselves,
wants it utterly prohibited and treated like ‘homicide”. And optimally, neither
strangers nor family members should be allowed to “assist”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Do I agree with all of the above? Decidedly
not. However, before I touch on disagreements and what I see as problems (some
of them major), let me say, there is much in this book that makes me want to
stand up and cheer. The deep awareness of problems caused by trying to control
people would top that list. Stefan is understandably horrified by the ease with
which police are summoned, with vulnerable people concomitantly cuffed and
dragged to “hospital” simply because they have mentioned suicide. As part of
countering this expectable reaction, correspondingly, Stefan recommends legal,
policy, and educational changes so that therapists, for example, stop focusing
on control and start focusing on connection. Correspondingly, she is crystal
clear that the status quo generally makes the suicidal person’s plight worse. Consider
in this regard this thrilling passage:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">People
who are struggling with a reason to stay alive don’t want to be “assessed”.
They don’t want to be asked endlessly if they have a plan, if they have the
means, if they will contract for safety.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They want to talk about someone who cares, about hope, about solving the
problems that seem insolvable, about how to get through the nigh</span></i><span lang="EN-US">t (309).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Or consider this one: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">The
most skilled mental health professionals doing their best work must necessarily
take risks that their patients will commit suicide. The journey to a life that
a suicidal person considers meaningful and worthwhile must carry some risk. To
increase the quality of life and the absolute number of lives saved, we have to
be prepared to tolerate the reality that some people may kill themselves, We
cannot continue creating unnecessary misery, increasing costs, and reducing both
the availability and the quality of treatment to nurture the myth that all
suicides are preventable. They never have been and never will be.</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> (277)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">She opines, correspondingly, that there
would be considerably less suicide if we put less emphasis on controlling
people and more on connecting with them.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In this last regard, while our opinions are
far from identical on this issue for I place greater emphasis on freedom and
personal autonomy than Stefan, let me share a bit of my own professional
history for it solidly supports Stefan’s point: As a therapist, for well over
three decades my specialties have been adult clients who: a) self-injure; b) are
psychiatric survivors; c) have been profoundly traumatized; d) live with
alternate realities; and e) want to kill themselves. As a matter of principle, I
am clear with clients right from the start that I will not prevent them from
killing themselves, will not call 911, so they have no need to censor
themselves. Bottom line positions for me are that people desperately need to be
safe to talk about “suicidal” thoughts, that we should not presume to know what
is best for others, nor make decisions for them, moreover, that people in dire
distress need to connect, and to deny them the possibility to do so safely is
ultimately to make counseling and therapy unavailable to those in the most dire
distress. What is significant in this regard, while no doubt some degree of
luck has been involved, in all these decades, despite my having a specialization
that makes the suicide of my clients a statistically strong possibility, not a
single client of mine has ever killed themselves. As such, I am highly aware that
there is wisdom in what Stefan is alleging and recommending here.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">More generally, what this book does well is
introduce us bit by bit to the legal territory, and the place of culture in
determining what conceptualizations are viable. Praiseworthy and major
contributions similarly are the author’s insistence that whatever laws are
created, psychiatric survivors must not be discriminated against, must be
treated like everyone else; the sharp distinction that she draws between adults
and children; the argument that we should prioritize addressing the systemic problems
that commonly underlie people’s desire to kill themselves (e.g., in the case of
children, bullying); the push toward less control and more connection/compassion;
the highlighting of psychiatric contradictions; the unmasking of so many
current practices in this area as illegal and/or irrational; the downplaying of
medical solutions as well as the recognition of how causal they can be in suicide;
the recommendation that society consider the different types of suicide and
find ways of providing the various types of help needed; and finally, what goes
along with this, the caution against the advent of assisted suicide becoming just
another way of letting society “off the hook”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Which brings me to the problems. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">From my perspective—and I suspect most
people would critique Stefan from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">opposite</i>
perspective—the author seriously understates the problems caused by psychiatry,
and in no way touches on the invalidity or the inherently damaging nature of all
its biological “treatments”. As such, while she wants to protect people’s
rights as far as they are “legally capable” and while she remains very critical
of psychiatry, she still sees a place and a privileged place for psychiatry.
More generally, while she would greatly reduce it, she ultimately accepts the “need”
for involuntary psychiatric detention—and no, I do not.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What relates to this, while once again being
critical, Stefan accepts a view of incapacity that would still have a huge
number of people declared incapable (albeit far less than are so deemed today).
For example, she sees as obviously incapable people who are “floridly psychotic”
and as such, would have no compunction over 911 being called on them, if, for
example, they are actively suicidal. What this position invisibilizes is that there
are people with such different ways of processing that they are automatically
seen as lacking reason. As demonstrated in Burstow (2015, Chapter Nine), this failure
to comprehend is largely a limitation of the “sane”, as well as a deficit—and
indeed correctable deficit—in our education systems. Correspondingly, society’s
failure to understand people whose minds work differently does not per se make such
people “incapable”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">An example pertinent to the issue at hand: A
client of mine that at once dwelt in an alternate reality, was “suicidal”, and who
would certainly have been seen by most as ‘incapable” announced one day she was
going to kill herself forthwith in order to join the trees. To the average
person, it would look as if she had lost her power of reasoning and so could
not conceivably be competent. An understandable reaction, sure, but what this
view leaves out is that she was literalizing a metaphor. What she was saying,
in “sane parlance”, is that she wanted to return to nature, to dust, as it were.
That is, finding life meaningless, she wanted to rid herself of the existential
burden of being a separate and cognizant being. Now I can well understand why a
situation like this gives us and indeed must give us pause. Nonetheless, is not
a variant of this position held by most people considering ending their lives—including
those, I would add, that the average person would “recognize” as “capable”? Indeed,
to step totally outside pathologizing frameworks (always a good thing), is not
her question a variant of the ultimate existential question that philosopher
Albert Camus (1975) sees facing all of us? To be clear, I am not suggesting that
anyone “support” her decision. However, how in good conscience can we uphold a
framework which would not only thoroughly invalidate it but would inevitably
lead to her apprehension? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Less obviously but more fundamentally
problematic is the statist framework which Stefan uncritically employs. Note,
while I well understand the need to balance community rights with individual
rights, weighing the needs of the individual against “the interests of the
state” (in this case in “preserving life”) which the author is advocating, is a
different matter altogether. To be clear, while I am decidedly “on board” with wanting
to improve society and people’s situation for a variety of reasons, including
so that fewer end up feeling that they have no recourse but to kill themselves,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not one of those reasons is that the
“state” “has an interest in preserving life”</i>. By the same token I see as inherently
problematic concepts like “suicide prevention” so rampant in this book and indeed,
the very conceptualization of people “committing suicide”. Note, in this
regard, “committing suicide” is a concept tied to the state. And as
institutional ethnographer Dorothy Smith (1983) so astutely put it decades ago,
while people indeed end their lives, “no one commits suicide.” While shifting a
framework this hegemonic is hard, I appreciate, and runs directly counter to
legal training, attempts to bring about a more humane approach, I would suggest—are
minimally jeopardized by statist ways of thinking and statist problem-solving. By
the same token, while I applaud the author for wanting and pushing for better
services, I question the degree of improvement possible in our current statist
arrangements, for states have their own interests, as do their representatives—note,
the very people in whose hands lies the state’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">parens patriae</i> powers—ergo, the power (and responsibility) to
commit and to intrude (see Burstow, 2015). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Finally, we come to Stefan’s positions on
assisted suicide and euthanasia (issues with which, I would agree that as
things currently stand, we need to involve the state). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To put this simply, people in dire distress
and who rationally choose to end their lives often need more than either
decriminalization or assistance to live, significant though both are. As a
society, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of course </i>we need safeguards
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of course</i> we need standards, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of course,</i> contrary to how we currently
act, we need to prioritize doing whatever we as a community can to help improve
the quality of everyone’s lives. And <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of
course</i>, having the right to end one’s lives does not automatically
translate into having the right to assistance with this—far from it. Nonetheless,
let me suggest such assistance is often in order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">On a simple level, no one wants to die
alone; most people would greatly prefer having the peace of mind that comes
from knowing that the procedure will not be botched.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Correspondingly, allowing assistance of this
ilk only in those cases where the person has but six months to live (one of
Stefan’s provisos) is woefully inadequate. What for example, about the person
who is not in the least terminally ill but is in terrible pain that cannot be
stopped, that in essence <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cannot be “made
comfortable</i>”. Take the person who has advanced arthritis, together with
exceptionally severe gastro-intestinal problems along with such a dire case of
multiple chemical sensitivity, along with a body with such low intolerance that
no pills will alleviate her suffering, for no medication whatever, however
introduced, can be tolerated. Imagine further that she has spastic conditions that
will not allow her to tolerate even seemingly non-intrusive measures like
acupuncture or mindfulness or indeed any of the other options in the medical
repertoire. Do we as a society really want to say to such a person that while
we will not stop her from ending her life, unless she has but six months to
live, we will neither help her nor allow others to? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Enter the author’s recommendation for how
assisted suicide might work. Understandably worried about the involvement of
doctors, Stefan recommends that persons with six months only to live enter a
hospice, whose operator in turn gives them a voucher which allows them to
receive a fatal dose of medication from a pharmacy. To go back to the previous
example, which as it happens is not a hypothetical but a real situation with
which I am highly familiar, besides that the person in question would not be
eligible—for she has way more than six months to live—she is unlikely to be
able to enter a hospice for the presence of everything in it would instantly make
her vilely ill. Moreover, the medication is highly unlikely to be something her
body would tolerate. And it is hit-and-miss with injections or other like
solutions. Nor would starvation (a method suggested in this book) be endurable
for her body reacts even worse to food deprivation than to eating.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Which brings me to the question of
euthanasia. Stefan unequivocally rules it out and equates it with homicide even
where the person in question actively requests it, waits the required amount of
time, carefully considers their options. To be clear, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of course</i> far more stringent oversight is needed if we allow direct
second party involvement, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">of course</i>,
we need to keep in mind what has been called “the slippery slope”, but at the
bare minimum people’s peace of mind in dying can at times be greatly enhanced
by making more direct assistance possible. Again, take the person referenced
earlier.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">With solutions that work with others
habitually backfiring with this person, do we not want her to have a medical
expert there to deal with physical reactions that might suddenly happen, that might
make an otherwise seemingly uncomplicated procedure unworkable and/or tortuous?
Or do we want to leave what happens to her to chance? Correspondingly, are we
okay leaving as one of the only options that does not leave her trapped or
feeling guilty (the latter because of a route that involves legal jeopardy for
potential helpers), the lonely and indeed frightening option of crawling away
and shooting herself?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The point is clear. Society has been moving
to assisted suicide because we do not want people in agony stuck with such
dilemmas. However, we cannot provide what is needed without considering the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">real </i>dilemmas that real people <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">in</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">extremis</i>
face. Correspondingly, we cannot just accept models that might work for many.
Any model that places anyone in such dilemmas is unacceptable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Time for greater clarity on the example at
hand: In short, what I have done here is draw on several of my own conditions,
while leaving out the vast majority of disabling but nonterminal physical
conditions I have (e.g., inability to sit, to eat more than 4 specific foods, to
travel at all, to see anything without significant distortion, to treat a
single ailment, to be around sounds louder than a hush, etc.). Factor in all of
these and the need for active help to be available is even more apparent.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To be clear, I am 71 years old. I have a wonderful
life, continue to be highly productive, work with awesome students and fellow
activists, am a professor at a leading university, have just become head of my
program; and I have no intention whatever of retiring any time soon, never mind
killing myself soon—if ever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, if
things got so bad that life was no longer tolerable irrespective of the help
offered, a society that could only push “solutions” at me that would make my
plight worse and/or would in any way penalize anyone who helped me bring my
life to a peaceful conclusion would surely be failing me—not to mention the
helpee. And mine is just one set of circumstances. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Who knows what worse circumstances others and
indeed younger individuals might be facing? Bottom line, the criteria for
qualifying for assisted suicide stipulated in this book, together with the
dismissal of more active help, seriously “misses the mark”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Two final observations: While there are
unquestionably people, including doctors, whose “help” in this area qualifies
as undue influence and/or borders on criminal negligence, moreover, others
where it is downright murder—both of which are “beyond unacceptable”—at this
point in history, that is hardly typical; and processes and laws that operate
as if it is are themselves sadly wanting. Moreover, often people, including
doctors and including family members who go “the extra mile” do so because individuals
who are by conventional standards <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">demonstrably
“capable”</i> want them to—are clear that they <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">urgently need them to</i>. Question: Can we not find better processes
and ways of distinguishing what is happening? And cannot we not respond
accordingly? As for bone fide helpers who cross the still-to-be-negotiated
line, let us deal with that for sure, but in a way that factors in their
predicament and society’s inevitable role in this.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">And finally: Like Stefan, like virtually
all disability activists, I too consider “beyond unacceptable” any slippage
whereby states start using assisted suicide as the ultimate solution to their
“problems”, as a cost-effective and convenient way of ridding themselves of whatever
or whoever they see as burdensome. Correspondingly, as I too see a danger here
and as I want better, not worse services, I personally would favour a policy
whereby for every penny that a state spends on the combination of assisted
suicide and requested euthanasia, an equal amount has to be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">added </i>to the coffers supporting programs
intended to help people in difficult circumstances <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">live</i>—that is, to help them lead <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">lives
of meaning to them</i>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Closing Remarks</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">As I stated at the outset—and I would
reiterate it at this juncture—<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rational
Suicide, Irrational Laws</i> is a ground-breaking, brilliant, indeed courageous
book; and I encourage people to read it. There is information, analyses, wisdom
to be gleaned from it. What is also important, it is written by someone who is
clearly highly ethical. And reading the reflections and considered opinion of
those who are guided by a strong sense of decency is in itself good for the
soul.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">My invitation? Pick up the book, engage
with it, where you find yourself agreeing, ask yourself why, similarly for when
you find yourself disagreeing, and continue thinking about the issues raised. Through
the lens of suicide and societal responses to it, it implicitly asks what kind
of society we want, and as such, it holds significance for all of us,
addressing in the detail it does issues that cannot but touch each of our
lives. At the same time, it holds special significance for psychiatric survivors,
for survivors of childhood trauma, for lawmakers, for therapists, for
educators, for people who are sick or dying, for anyone who has themselves or
whose loved ones has ever seriously entertained killing themselves—hence my
particularly drawing your attention to it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In ending, additionally, I would say this
to the author: I hope that some of what I have written holds meaning for you,
including where we agree, including where we disagree. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">And regardless, Susan, thank you for penning
this book.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US">References</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the business of madness</i>. New York: Palgrave.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Camus, A. (1975). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The myth of
Sisyphus</i>. New York: Penguin.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Smith, D. (1983). No one commits suicide. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Human Studies</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">6</i>,
309-359.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Stefan, S. (2016). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rational
suicide, irrational laws:</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Examining
the current approaches to suicide in policy and in law</i>. New York: Oxford
University Press.</span></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-37309637055192637052016-02-04T06:53:00.000-05:002016-02-04T06:53:16.504-05:00The CHRUSP Call to Action and Its Significance
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Various instruments of the United Nations have
commented on forced treatment, or involuntary confinement, or both (for
details, see Burstow, 2015a), and a number of truly critical additions to
international law have materialized. Arguably, the most significant of these is
the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (see <a href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/ConventionRightsPersonsWithDisabilities.aspx">http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/ConventionRightsPersonsWithDisabilities.aspx</a>).
What makes it so significant? For one thing, because this landmark convention puts
forward nothing less than a total ban on both involuntary treatment and the involuntary
confinement of people who have broken no laws. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To highlight a couple of relevant passages,
article 12 of the CRPD states, “State parties shall recognize t</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">hat persons with
disabilities enjoy legal capacity on an equal basis with others in all aspects
of life." Correspondingly, article 14 states:</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">State parties shall ensure
that people with disabilities, on an equal basis with others:</span><span style="font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>a. Enjoy the right to liberty and security of the person</span><span style="font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>b. Are not deprived of their liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily
… and that the existence of a disability shall in no way justify a deprivation
of liberty.</span><span style="font-family: Times; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What is likewise significant, the guidance
provided clarifies that the ban on forced treatment and on voluntary committal
is to be seen as absolute (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">see <span class="5yl5"><span style="mso-field-code: " HYPERLINK \0022http\:\/\/www\.ohchr\.org\/Documents\/HRBodies\/CRPD\/14thsession\/GuidelinesOnArticle14\.doc\0022 \\t \0022_blank\0022 ";"><span class="MsoHyperlink">http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/CRPD/14thsession/GuidelinesOnArticle14.doc</span></span></span>).</span><span lang="EN-US"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What we have here in other words is nothing
less than a colossal breakthrough.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In line with the CRPD breakthrough, CHRUSP
(Center for the Human Rights of Users and Survivors of Psychiatry) has issued a
call to action in support of the prohibition (see <a href="https://absoluteprohibition.wordpress.com/">https://absoluteprohibition.wordpress.com/</a>).
I strongly support this campaign both as a human being generally and as a
psychiatry abolitionist—hence this article.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">First let me say that whether or not one is
a psychiatry abolitionist, or to put this another way, whether one sees some
value in psychiatry’s tenets and approaches or whether one regards them as both
totally foundationless and inherently damaging, there is an onus upon us simply
as human beings to find a way to support campaigns of this ilk. When basic
rights such as the right to decide what does or does not enter one’s own body
and the right not to be confined to a locked ward are at issue, we all of us
have a moral obligation to do something to set the situation right. How can it
be acceptable to override people’s right to make decisions for themselves?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To stop people from walking about
freely—especially when they have broken no law? Nor can the deprivation of such
rights be warranted by claims (what follows are several of the standard ones) such
as the person lacks the capacity to make decisions for themselves or they are
of danger to self or others. As noted in Burstow (2015b), while for sure people
may need assistance in making decisions, incapacity per se is a circular
institutional construct; and besides that it is indefensible to deprive people
of freedom on the basis of prediction, the elites involved in such decisions
(read: psychiatric professionals) have virtually no ability to predict
dangerousness. Nor for that matter do others. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The long and the short is that the cause is
just, liberation from oppression is at issue, and irrespective of any
differences in our respective understandings of psychiatry, there is ample
reason for us all to place a priority on the current campaign. I am accordingly
enthusiastically joining with leaders like Tina Minkowitz (see <a href="http://www.madinamerica.com/2016/01/campaign-to-support-crpd-absolute-prohibition/">http://www.madinamerica.com/2016/01/campaign-to-support-crpd-absolute-prohibition/</a>)
in urging people to get involved.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">That noted, while the campaign in question
places a very special onus on all of us, and my major purpose in this article
is to support that, I did additionally want to do what no other writer to date
has done—to tease out the special meaning that the CRPD and such campaigns uniquely
hold for those of us who are abolitionists, whether inadvertently or otherwise.
What is especially apropos here is the attrition model of psychiatry abolition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So what is the attrition model of psychiatry
abolition? And as an attrition model abolitionist, how do I understand the
current campaign?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Predicated on the understanding that
psychiatry abolition is a process and a direction as opposed to a goal which
can be quickly attained, the attrition model of psychiatry abolition, as
articulated in Burstow (2014) and adopted by Coalition Against Psychiatric
Assault (see <a href="https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/attrition-model/">https://coalitionagainstpsychiatricassault.wordpress.com/attrition-model/</a>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">is a model for determining what actions and
campaigns to support and what to prioritize. An operant principle is that
active support be predicated on the capacity or tendency of the action or
campaign to move society in the direction of abolition. Pivotal to the model are
the following defining questions:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">If successful, will the action
or campaigns that we are contemplating move us closer to the long range goal of
psychiatry abolition?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Are they likely to avoid
improving or adding legitimacy to the current system?</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 39.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US">Do they avoid widening
psychiatry's net? (Burstow, 2014, p. 39).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now again, while supporting the CHRUSP call
to Action is urgent and necessary for the reasons already indicated, the degree
of prioritization for an attrition model abolitionist would depend on the
answers to such questions. So are there “yes answers” to the questions above?
Let me suggest that albeit to varying degrees, in all three cases, yes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To tackle this one by one, beginning with
the first question, any measure which abolishes any integral aspect of
psychiatry without question moves society demonstrably in the direction of
abolition. Hence the prioritization by Coalition Against Psychiatric Assault,
for example, of the abolition of certain “treatments” (e.g., ECT). And does
this campaign target the abolition of anything integral to psychiatry? Obviously
yes—all use of force and coercion. As such, the first criterion is satisfied.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Which brings us to Question Two: Is the
campaign likely to avoid improving or adding legitimacy to the current system? This
is the most ticklish of the questions, for a case could be made that the psychiatric
system would be improved by becoming less coercive. This notwithstanding, my
sense is that eliminating the coerciveness in no way constitutes an endorsement
of psychiatry and could in fact function in the exact opposite way—that is, it
could lead people to ask themselves: What else should go? It could even in the
fullness of time, culminate in a more wholesale questioning of
psychiatry—especially once it is seen that eliminating coercion can be
accomplished without a plethora of horrid consequences following. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Finally, Question Three: Does the campaign
in question avoid widening psychiatry’s net (translation: Would the campaign,
if successful, avoid enabling psychiatry to scoop up ever more people?)? Here
the answer is a resounding yes. The point is that were this campaign successful,
not only would it not widen psychiatry’s net, it would demonstrably narrow it,
allowing all those who say “no” to escape psychiatry altogether.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What follows from this analysis, this
campaign is in line with abolitionist principles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And as such, prioritizing this campaign is a
natural move for abolitionist groups to consider.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><span lang="EN-US">Summarizing Remarks, Invitations,
Suggestions, and Warnings</span></u></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A very important move has been taken by the
United Nations in the passing of the CRPD. For the first time in history, there
is an international legal clarification that psychiatric survivors must enjoy
the same rights as everyone else—that is, force is absolutely prohibited. This
is not just “any” organization taking this position, additionally—this is a
mammoth mainstream organization which wields both moral and legal clout. Correspondingly,
an important campaign is now under way to support the absolute prohibition that
is part and parcel of the CRPD. What has been shown in this article is that the
prioritization of this campaign makes sense both on a fundamental human rights
level and additionally, on a psychiatry abolition level. Given the prestige of
the United Nations and given that many countries have already signed and even
ratified the Convention, moreover, explicitly wedding this campaign to the
Convention itself is itself pragmatic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">My hope is, correspondingly, that many
embrace this campaign and join us in actively promoting it. Please consider
contributing articles and pictures to the CHRUSP website. Please talk to
others. Perhaps create educational events. If your country has not signed the
Convention, not ratified the Convention, has added a restriction, or is simply
in non-compliance, you or your group might want to take the lead in making the
problem known. We have a moment for change here—and my hope is that enough
people will face whatever fears stop them and reach out and grab it. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not that winning this fight will be easy, for
countries have a habit of ignoring/evading international law, including contractual
obligations which pertain by virtue of being signatories to a convention. All
the more reason to double and triple our efforts. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The biggest obstacle that we are likely to
encounter is people’s fear of dangerousness. Be prepared to address it. Arguably,
the second biggest is people’s sense that vulnerable folk are going to be
deserted. A point to be made when talking to others is that the CRPD is clear that
supports <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">must</i> be offered. And indeed,
if we go about this correctly, the era of the CRPD could well become the era when
an unprecedented number of new and exciting support options materialized for
people—and, of course, voluntary ones. In this regard, contrary to the common and
I would suggest duplicitous equation of psychiatry and services, and besides
that “service” and “coercion” are more or less mutually exclusive categories, is
not the stranglehold exercised by psychiatry itself one of the principal
factors responsible for the paucity of services?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In ending, to comment briefly on a snag. Were
this campaign successful—and yes, it is for sure an uphill battle—psychiatry’s
likely response will be to step up its misrepresentation of its “treatments.”
The point here is that the future of psychiatry would then be more dependent on
personal buy-in; and as we know, institutional psychiatry, alas, has virtually no
qualms about misrepresentation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Now some may feel that this last point is a
“red herring” or minimally a minor issue since the CRPD explicitly specifies
that “informed” consent is necessary. To be clear, indeed it does, but so does
almost every piece of “mental health” legislation in the world and that has had
no impact whatever on the ongoing and ever expanding production and
dissemination of psychiatric misinformation. Ironic though this may seem, the
upshot is that in the event of success, stronger monitoring of and stronger reins
on psychiatry would be absolutely necessary.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A conundrum to be sure, but hardly one that
we have not encountered before.</span></div>
<br /><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">References</span></u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2014). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
withering of psychiatry: An attrition model for antipsychiatry</i>. In B.
Burstow, B. LeFrançois, & S. Diamond (Eds.), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry disrupted</i> (pp. 34-51)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.</i>
Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2015a). Canada—A Human Rights Violator (see <a href="http://bizomadness.blogspot.ca/2015/09/canada-human-rights-violator.html">http://bizomadness.blogspot.ca/2015/09/canada-human-rights-violator.html</a>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2015b). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the business of madness: An ethical and epistemological accounting</i>. New
York: Palgrave.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-48545105721443619012016-01-05T07:31:00.000-05:002016-01-05T07:31:23.446-05:00Setting the Record Straight: The Psychiatric Legacy of Robert Spitzer
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<span lang="EN-US">On December 25, 2015, renowned psychiatrist
Robert Spitzer died. Spitzer was a giant in world psychiatry, best known as the
architect of the third edition of the psychiatry’s diagnostic bible -- <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders</i> (DSM-III) -- the edition that effected a turnaround and
became the template for how psychiatric diagnosing has proceeded ever after. As
such, this death has hardly gone unnoticed, with stories about him proliferating.
Most of what is written is highly laudatory. We are told, for instance, that he
placed psychiatric diagnosis on a scientific foundation, that he introduced
rigor (see, for instance, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/us/robert-spitzer-psychiatrist-who-set-rigorous-standards-for-diagnosis-dies-at-83.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/us/robert-spitzer-psychiatrist-who-set-rigorous-standards-for-diagnosis-dies-at-83.html</a>),
that he was a “pro-gay psychiatrist” who “campaigned to remove homosexuality
from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.” (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Newsmax</i>, <a href="http://www.newsmax.com/Health/Health-News/robert-spitzer/2015/12/29/id/707468/">http://www.newsmax.com/Health/Health-News/robert-spitzer/2015/12/29/id/707468/</a>
This article takes serious issue with the most significant of the claims.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">To be clear, it is always sad when someone
dies -- and I in no way wish to detract from the personal tragedy. Nor do I intend
to make any pronouncement about Spitzer the individual. What concerns me in
this article is one thing only—how to understand his “psychiatric contribution”
to society. Now no one denies that Spitzer was enormously influential. However,
it is precisely because his legacy endures and because vulnerable people are
forced to live with what was set in motion that I felt compelled to write this
article.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">So what are we to make of the claims? And
what in fact is Spitzer’s legacy? </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Claim:
Spitzer Was Enlightened and Opposed the Pathologizing of Gays</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">It is claimed that Spitzer was largely
responsible for removing “Homosexuality” as a disorder from the DSM. This claim
has some merit —nonetheless, the situation is not as straight forward as appears.
The American Psychiatric Association (APA) was in difficulty at the time. Gay
rights activists were skillfully protesting the inclusion of said disorder,
interrupting meeting after meeting of the APA (see Teal, 1971). Spitzer was
called in to help. His actions eventually culminates in a postal vote and the concomitant
removal of the offending diagnosis from the DSM. That this is an important
legacy is without question. At the same time, Spitzer was hardly the great
liberator suggested by most who tell this story. What is significant in this
regard, he went on to introduce another disorder which also pathologized gay
life -- ego-dystonic homosexuality. This was a particular worrisome diagnosis
for it pathologized discomfort with being gay -- a reaction totally expectable
in a homophobic world. Herein we find an unfortunate default mode which
characterized Spitzer and those who followed him -- totally ignoring context. As
for the question of gay existence per se, for most of his professional career, Spitzer
flip-flopped on it, in the early 2000s, for example, mounting a study in
support of a therapy to “cure” people of being gay, in 2012 retracting said
study -- albeit only after it was exposed as shoddy scholarship (see <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/robert-spitzer-psychiatrist-of-transformative-influence-dies-at-83/2015/12/26/b6851764-ac46-11e5-bff5-905b92f5f94b_story.html"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Times; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span lang="EN-US">https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/robert-spitzer-psychiatrist-of<span lang="EN-US">-transformative-influence-dies-at-83/2015/12/26/b6851764-ac46-11e5-bff5-905b92f5f94b_story.html</span></span></span></a></span><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-CA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">The
Major Claim: With the DSM-III, Spitzer Introduced Rigorous Science and Thereby
Made Diagnostic Psychiatry Credible</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This brings us to the main claims and without
question the central “contribution” for which Spitzer is known –the revolution
that constitutes DSM-III. On this “contribution” clarity is critical -- for to
misunderstand it is precisely to misunderstand the nature of the psychiatric
quagmire that we as a society are facing to this day. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The claim put forward by almost all
psychiatrists, including those of a reformist bent, is that Spitzer placed psychiatric
assessment on a more or less solid scientific foundation. States psychiatric
reformer Dr. Allen Frances in this regard, “He [Spitzer] saved the field…from a
crisis of credibility, raising its scientific standards (see <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/us/robert-spitzer-psychiatrist-who-set-rigorous-standards-for-diagnosis-dies-at-83.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/us/robert-spitzer-psychiatrist-who-set-rigorous-standards-for-diagnosis-dies-at-83.html</a>).
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">There are two sets of claims involved. The
first is that psychiatry was suffering a crisis of credibility, that Spitzer
introduced a new approach to diagnoses with DSM-III, and that in the process,
he shepherded psychiatry through the crisis. To start at the beginning, there was
indeed a crisis at the time: Psychiatric diagnoses had been shown to have
extremely low inter-rater reliability. That is, the chances of different
psychiatrists assigning the identical diagnostic category to the same patient was
low -- little more than chance. Moreover, a major experiment by Rosenhan (1973)
had exposed psychiatry on an even more basic level. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">The experiment involved Professor Rosenhan
sending students pretending to be disturbed into hospitals. While the students
proceeded to act “normal” except for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">initially</i>
telling staff that they had heard a voice saying, “hollow,” “thud,” and
“empty,” all were kept a sizeable time and all were assigned major diagnoses. When
the results of the experiment became known, the public’s reaction was that
psychiatrists could not even distinguish between “real patients” and
“pseudo-patients” -- never mind between different “disorders.” And as such, the
credibility of the diagnoses, and by extension, psychiatry itself, was at an all-time
low. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Did the reputation of each improve after the
introduction of DSM-III (1980)? Yes, it very much did. And was this because of how
DSM-III was constructed? To a significant degree, yes. And was this because, as
claimed, psychiatric diagnosing had finally been placed on a sound scientific footing?
In a word, no.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">By way of explanation, Spitzer for sure
created discrete diagnoses. Correspondingly, unlike in the past, they came
complete with explicit sets of criteria, superficially at least reflecting how
physical disorders are delineated. And for sure, tests were conducted and
validity thereby “claimed” for each of the included disorders. The point is,
however, mirroring the trappings of medicine, that is, using medical-sounding
language has no bearing on validity. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Aside from the inherent persuasiveness of medicalized
language, what exactly was Spitzer’s claim to validity? Quite simply, that the
research conducted by his team had established high inter-rater reliability. The
problem here is that high inter-rater reliability similarly has nothing to do
with validity. To quote a passage from Burstow (2015) in this regard:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">The fact that
people can be trained to apply a label in a consistent way, note, does not mean
that the label points to anything real. To use an extreme example, let us say
that we want doctors to be able to identify people walking about who secretly
hail from Mars. We might provide clear criteria for such people and so
carefully train the doctors that they achieved a high level of agreement when
making their determinations. None of this gets around the problem that there
are in all likelihood no people from Mars walking the earth. (p. 78) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">A still further problem enters in with
Spitzer’s very claim to high inter-rater reliability. At their most successful,
there was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">miniscule </i>difference
between the reliability ratings for DSM-III diagnoses and the rating for previous
“disorders.” Often there was no difference at all; and at times the DSM-III
scores were lower, this despite the fact, as Kirk and Kutchins (1997, p. 52
ff.) demonstrate, experiments were rigged so as to create superior results,
including providing the DSM-III raters with extensive training so that their
scores would be bolstered. Additionally, different criteria were used when re-evaluating
the DSM-II studies than when interpreting the DSM-III studies -- thereby
creating the impression/misimpression that the DSM-III categories yielded superior
results. One obvious example is the very same level of agreement that was
deemed “only satisfactory” in the reevaluation studies (e.g., 7) was deemed
“high” or “very high” in the studies involving the DSM-III categories.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">This is not medicine; this is not science;
and this is not rigor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">So if the claim to high scientific
standards will not hold—and as you can see, it will not-- exactly what was the
revolution that constituted DSM-III?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">What was introduced was a classification schema
that was avowedly neo-Kraepelian (see Kraepelin, 1907 and Burstow, 2014) --
that is, an etiology-free schema which has little tie-in with the realities of
people’s actual lives and as such, is largely classification for
classification’s sake. In the DSM as it emerged, there is no thought to why
people are acting as they are. The not-so-hidden benefit to psychiatry is that
the new schema put an end to most internal squabbles, for it is precisely when
it comes to issues of cause and what something is “about” that arguments break
out. The ramification of such a system, correspondingly, is that the label or
diagnosis itself ends up treated as causal. The circularity thereby engendered
is visible in this comment which I made in a recent interview:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">[The DSM) sets
practitioners up to look at distressed and/or distressing people in certain
ways. So, if they go into a psychiatric interview, they’re going to be honing
on questions that follow the logic of the DSM, or to use their vocabulary, the “symptoms”
for any given “disease” they’re considering. In the process it rips people out
of their lives. And so now there’s no explanation for the things people do, no
way to see their words or actions as meaningful because the context has been
removed. In essence, the DSM decontextualizes people’s problems, then re-contextualizes
them in terms of an invented concept called a “disorder.” Let me give you an
example. “Selective Mutism” is a diagnosis given to people who elect not speak
in certain situations. So, if I were…trying to get a handle on what’s going on
with somebody—I would try to figure out what situations they aren’t speaking
in, try to find out if there’s some kind of common denominator, to ascertain
whether there’s something in their background or their current context that
would help explain what they are doing. You know, as in: Is it safe to speak? Is
this, for example,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a person of color
going silent at times when racists might be present? Alternatively, is this a
childhood sexual abuse survivor who is being triggered? Whatever it is, I would
need to do that. But this is not what the DSM, as it were, prompts. In the DSM,
“Selective Mutism” is a discrete disease. So, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">according to psychiatry, </i>what causes<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>these “symptoms” of not speaking? Well, “Selective Mutism” does.
(Burstow’s response in Spring and Burstow, 2015)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Combine this vacuousness and this
circularity with medicalized language, such is the revolution that was
DSM-III.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US">Concluding
Remarks</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">I began this article by taking issue with
claims about Spitzer’s legacy. Clearly Spitzer’s most formidable contribution to
psychiatry is his overall contribution to diagnostic psychiatry via introducing
a whole new way of constructing diagnoses, as spearheaded in DSM-III. On this,
everyone agrees. However, what is it that Spitzer -- and his colleagues -- set
in motion? Contrary to the claims being made, through the use of scrupulously <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">medicalized terms</i> and through the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pretense of carefully conducted research</i>
they created “the appearance” of science, medicine, and rigor. That is, they
set psychiatric diagnosing decisively on a path where it would <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">look</i> scientifically rigorous, where it
could claim the authority of medicine on the basis of appearance, while in
point of fact, being vacuous. Correspondingly, subsequent DSMs have continued
in the same vein -- hence the difficulty combating psychiatry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">In ending, I would remind readers once again
that a human life has been snuffed out. At the same time, I invite readers not to
lose sight of the real legacy of Spitzer and his brainchild -- DSM-III.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-US">Otherwise, how are we to keep our bearings
in the struggle ahead?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US">References</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2014). Neo-Kraepelinian Psychiatry. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Cultural Sociology of Mental Illness</i>
(Andrew Scull, Ed.). (pp. 575-576). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the business of madness</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Rosenhan, D. L. (1973). On being sane in insane places. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Science</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">179</i>, 250-258.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kraepelin, E. (1907). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Clinical
psychiatry</i>. (Ross Diefendorf, Trans. and Ed.). New York: Macmillan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Kutchins, H. and Kirk, S. (1997). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Making us crazy</i>. New York: The Free Press.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Spring, L. and Burstow, B. (2015). Probing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry and the business of madness</i>. Retrieved January 5, 2016
from <a href="http://rabble.ca/books/reviews/2015/07/probing-psychiatry-and-business-madness">http://rabble.ca/books/reviews/2015/07/probing-psychiatry-and-business-madness</a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Teal, D. (1971). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The gay
militants</i>. New York: Steiner and Day.</span></div>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-6667336931476608422015-12-24T16:02:00.001-05:002015-12-24T16:02:45.725-05:00Good News on the Publishing Front: BizOMadness and Antipsychiatry, Full Speed AheadAs the holidays approach, I am just posting a very short blog article to let people know that there has been terrific news on the publishing front. But a day ago, Palgrave Macmillan signed a contract with me for the publication of my book <i>Psychiatry Interrogated</i>--an anthology of institutional ethnography investigations into psychiatry--featuring stellar researchers/authors from Canada, the US, the UK, and Poland. About a month and a half before that, Inanna Press signed a contract to publish my second novel--The Other Mrs. Smith, whose fictional narrator is an ECT survivor, struggling to make sense of her life.<br />
<br />
And and all, a very good year! bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-62629137228721583632015-10-26T16:19:00.001-04:002015-10-27T11:25:14.801-04:00Could Life Be Sweeter?: Signing a Contact for "The Other Mrs Smith" Just when I thought life could get much sweeter for those of us in the antipsychiatry world, the Canadian feminist publisher Inanna sent me a contract to to publish my blatantly antipsychiatry novel "The Others Mrs Smith." <br />
<br />
Why am I so excited about this novel? But it conveys the reality of ECT in the way only a novel can, and yet almost no novel really does.<br />
<br />
There is a vast array of different characters in this novel, many of them very colourful. For example, there is Gerald, a very kind transman with a flair for research and a dim view of the world; Earl Smith, the overbearing Newfoundland husband and an avid environmentalist; Rose Cohan who is Naomi¹s twin, a bisexual, a twin with a keen telepathic ability; Ruth, Naomi¹s angry daughter; Ida Cohan, Naomi¹s mother, a clever and witty woman, who has the unfortunate habit of creating lifelong feuds at the drop of a hat. And then there is Jack, fondly known as the indomitable Jackman--an extremely helpful fellow patient, an Aboriginal man who is the admiration of most all the patients at St. Pukes, for among other things, as Naomi puts it, he rolls "the meanest cigarette in Turtle Island. That said, the novel revolves around one character, in whose head we frequently find ourselves mired--narrator and north end Winnipeg Jew Naomi Cohan Smith. Critical to her circumstances is having been subjected to ECT (electroconvulsive therapy), and as a result suffering enormous memory loss, additionally an estrangement from her family of origin that she has no way to wrap her mind around. From the moment that we come across this confused woman wandering the corridor of St. Patricks-St Andrews Mental Health Centre (referred to by the inmates as "St. Pukes"), not knowing who she is or even what species she belongs to, Naomi's plight becomes our world--what has happened to her, what will happen to her. Just as the protagonist slowly comes to terms with the damage as well as the hidden details of her life, so do the readers.<br />
<br />
Via the device of flashback chapters, the novel moves back and forth in space and time, between a relatively happy childhood in the legendary Jewish north-end Winnipeg of the mid 1900s and her post-ECT adulthood in Toronto. In this regard the structure of the novel itself may be seen as a metaphor for Naomi¹s mind. While the movement in space continues, the foray through the past comes to an abrupt halt when we come to the limits of Naomi¹s memory.<br />
<br />
<br />
The novel per se begins a few years after of what is called Chapter One, with the kindly figure of Gerald as he goes about the unusual task of cleaning someone else¹s house. The introduction of Gerald sets the stage for a query that haunts the novel. Putting Naomi¹s binders back in order, he stops to re-read Back Binder Number Three. He ends it, feeling certain that there is something more to this binder that meets the eye.<br />
<br />
What follows is what Naomi calls her memoir (in three books). Other character breath life into this memoir and this novel. Examples are It begins with her in the hospital. An uncompromisingly unsentimental novel, every time an easy or cliché solution appears to be offered, it is refused. The novel culminates in Naomi making something important of her life, of her creating meaning and purpose despite the very real damage, indeed, out of it and along side it. The final vision with which it leaves us is one of wisdom. Critical events which transpire along the way include: fleeing Toronto and indeed her controlling husband, building a new foundation with the twin from whom she has been estranged, establishing dual residence so as to connect up with her daughter. It ends with Naomi, her sister, and Gerald taking aim at the very institution which is her nemesis and in the process uncovering the hidden truth which lurks in the pages of Black Binder Number Three.<br />
<br />
The novel, as circumstances will have it, will not be coming out till 2017, but already I am looking forward to it. And already book launches in two different countries are being planned. <br />
<br />
Check this blog and check Facebook for updates.bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4162219926742636994.post-55821909570107974722015-10-03T06:18:00.002-04:002015-10-03T06:18:45.385-04:00Why Did 158 People Plus Attend An Antipsychiatry Book Launch?: A Reflection
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<span lang="EN-US">Two weeks ago, on Friday September 18 2015,
people assembled at Ontario Institute for Education of the University of
Toronto for the last of the three international book launches for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry and the Business of Madness</i>,
preceded that same day by a press conference. While others also spoke, major scheduled
speakers included the author (me), Member of the Provincial Parliament (MPP) Cheri
DiNovo, and leading Canadian mental health lawyer Anita Szigeti. There were
many wonderful highlights of the evening. Ones that immediately come to mind
are: the articulation of the findings of the research, all leading to the
inescapable conclusion that psychiatry has no foundation and should be phased
out (and while admittedly, it would be difficult under the circumstances, not a
soul raised an objection). Member of Parliament Cheri DiNovo’s thrilling
statement that while it was virtually impossible to move on “reining in
psychiatry” before, “now we have the facts -- and now there is no excuse.” Leading
mental health lawyer Anita Szigeti declaring <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry and the Business of Madness</i> a must-read for <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lawyers and professionals everywhere. ECT
survivor Connie Neil bearing witness to the atrocity to which she was
subjected. All good. All riveting.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">That said, there are several astounding
facts about the Toronto book launch that are not captured in this description.
Half an hour into the launch, according to the official count, there were 158
people in attendance. I kid you not! 158! And an hour later, there were at
least 15 additional people. This is an amazing turnout for the launch of any book,
never mind something as far from the mainstream as antipsychiatry. And what adds
to the triumph, well before the launch began, there was standing room only, with
the Nexus Lounge at OISE (room where the launch was held) virtually packed to
the rafters. “Bonnie, never in its history has any event in the Nexus Lounge drawn
so many,” observed one excited OISE staff member in amazement. Moreover, people
remained the full two hours, including the people who were standing. Which
leads me to ask these questions:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">How is it that such a huge crowd showed up?
And how is it that so many people, who after all were only able to stand,
remained without budging a full two hours?</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Something of an enigma, though there are a
number of possible answers. To touch on a few of these:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Answer One: All of the speakers were well
known. Absolutely true. And without question, the reputation of the speakers
was a factor. That said, reputation is clearly not the whole of it for we have
had a number of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>these speakers together on
a stage before, with nothing like such a stellar result. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Answer Two:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The organizers did a great job publicizing. Again, true—and much thanks
to everyone for the hard work. However, despite doing what was ostensibly a first
rate job of publicizing before—at one point several years ago, note, we even
had a professional publicist helping us—never have we drawn an audience of this
proportion.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Answer Three: The book was known to be
controversial: This is the least compelling of the answers for everything
critical of psychiatry is controversial. And again, historically, such events
have not tended to deliver anything close to this turnout. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Which brings me to a final answer—one that
I am suggesting has considerable explanatory value: There is a hunger out there
for a foundational critique of psychiatry—something that pulls no punches,
minces no words. That is, there is a hunger for a reasoned antipsychiatry
position. Something that explains how we ended up here, provides solid evidence
that psychiatry should be abandoned, and begins theorizing what we might do instead.
Moreover—and here we connect up with the first answer—people were acutely aware
that this is exactly what this book and this launch were all about. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Elsewhere I have written that the tide is turning
against psychiatry (see <a href="http://www.madinamerica.com/2015/09/yes-the-tide-is-turning-against-psychiatry/">http://www.madinamerica.com/2015/09/yes-the-tide-is-turning-against-psychiatry/</a>).
May I suggest that the turnout on September 18<sup>th</sup> is yet another
indicator that this is so.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">What is, as it were, an accompanying indicator,
besides that the audience were hanging on the various presenters' every word,
who was present was not just “the usual suspects.” In attendance was a clear cross
section of society, from youth to the elderly, from survivors to professionals,
from the mainstream to the counter culture, from the poor to the ostensibly
well off. Again, all of which would have been unthinkable but a few years ago.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">There is a change in the air. People have
come to strongly suspect that the emperor “has no clothes.” A minority for
sure, but a healthy minority are ready to start entertaining modes of living
together and of approaching human distress in profoundly different ways. And
indeed, the people in attendance could sense that change, additionally could
sense that everyone around them could sense it too. Hence the high spirits.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The point here is, while social change
agents often declare events historical moments which prove not to be, and oftentimes
we are simply hoping that our words will be self-fulfilling, there was a
palpable feeling in the room that we had genuinely arrived at one such moment. Only
time will tell whether rightly or wrongly.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Was there any downside to the day? There
was, and fellow old-timers in the movement may well be able to guess what–-the
conspicuous absence of the media.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">How many “regular” members of “The Fifth
Estate” turned up? Despite a major effort on the part of the organizers,
including reaching out to over 300 media people, in a word, none. But in this
very conundrum or rather in our response to it lay part of the beauty and the
brilliance of that day. We responded in the only way that made
sense—proactively. Having been “around the block” enough times that we had more
than an inkling that this would happen, we met four days prior to the event to
strategize. We proceeded to create our own press—“The Peoples' Press”—and that
press turned up in full force at both events, asked insightful questions, and
covered and indeed covered brilliantly several of the more stirring highlights
of the day—of the press conference in particular (for highlights of the press
conference, see <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjtJvjDG4uM">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjtJvjDG4uM</a>).</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">So the bad news is, the mainstream media is
still ignoring this book (Burstow, 2015). They are likewise ignoring Whitaker's
and Cosgrove's (2015) book and indeed, all the leading antipsychiatry and
critical psychiatry publications that have come out this year (for a discussion
of why and for a number of suggestions about what to do about it, see <a href="http://www.madinamerica.com/2015/04/getting-anticritical-psychiatry-authors-read-case-book-activism/">http://www.madinamerica.com/2015/04/getting-anticritical-psychiatry-authors-read-case-book-activism/</a>).
The good news is the organizers did not rely on the traditional media (a
default mode which ill serves us). We were proactive. And thanks to a combined
effort, both the book and the event are literally “all over” the social media—and
note, as long as this is the case, sooner or later the mainstream press will be
forced to take note. </span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">The power of the social media—herein lay
the new reality. Albeit hardly everything—and we ignore its limitations to our
detriment—it substantially alters the “playing field.” Moreover and more to the
point, it works to the advantage of those of us involved in counterhegemonic
struggle.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">To end this article with one final
highlight of that memorable day, that evening Member of Parliament Cheri DiNovo
spoke confidently of our winning this fight—a note that we had not heard struck
by a legislator heretofore. Correspondingly, she reminded us of the famous
Gandhi quote: “First they ignore you. Then they ridicule you. Then they fight
you. And then you win.” (see <a href="http://philosiblog.com/2011/05/25/first-they-ignore-you/">http://philosiblog.com/2011/05/25/first-they-ignore-you/</a>).</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">I would add, while we are still in the
“ignoring” stage, there are distinct signs of fighting here and there (e.g.,
the special issue of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Acta Psychiatrica
Scandinavica</i>; see <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acps.2014.131.issue-1/issuetoc">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acps.2014.131.issue-1/issuetoc</a>).</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Moreover, 158 people plus from all walks of
life turning up at a launch of this ilk is hardly being ignored!</span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<u><span lang="EN-US">References</span></u></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; tab-stops: -4.5pt; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span lang="EN-US">Burstow, B. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry
and the business of madness</i>. New York; Palgrave.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "MS 明朝"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Whitaker, R. and Cosgrove, L. (2015). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Psychiatry under the influence</i>. New
York: Palgrave. </span>
bonniehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18085948021344637537noreply@blogger.com2